英语翻译的基本方法
2.注意有线词的词义我在这里把英语翻译的基本方法方法和技巧做个归纳,便于大家记忆和运用。
英译中翻译赚钱方法和技巧 英译中翻译技巧总结
英译中翻译赚钱方法和技巧 英译中翻译技巧总结
英译中翻译赚钱方法和技巧 英译中翻译技巧总结
英汉翻译的基本策略
英语句子和汉语句子一样,每句话都能表达一个完整的意思。一个英语句子无论有多长,其结构无论有多复杂,但都离不开一个主干结构,即“主-谓-宾”结构,其它的部分都是修饰成分,是附属结构。主干结构一般表述了句子的主要意思。
例如:Students from Lafayette College were crowding onto the train platform eagerly awaiting the arrival of the Carlisle Indian School’s track and field Squad.
先找出主干结构:Students were crowding. Students 是主语,were crowding是谓语,剩余的都是修饰成分。因此,这句话的主要意思是:“学生们在拥挤着……”这句话的参考翻译为:“拉菲德学院的学生们一起涌上月台,热切地等待着卡莱尔印第安人学校田径队的到来。”
英语翻译句子是以句子为单位进行的,翻译时的处理顺序应该是这样:首先,根据句子所在的语境,也就是常说的上下文来初步了解句子的大概内容。然后,分析句子中词与词之间的逻辑关系。再对句子结构进行分析和分解。,根据汉语句子结构习惯,恰当选词组句。
英汉翻译的第二个步骤是关键,也就是句子词与词之间的逻辑关系分析。学生们只要掌握了分析句子结构的方法,有助于翻译时关键的问题处理。一般的英汉翻译处理原则就是在译文里,尽量让句子中的修饰成分接近句子中的主干成分。
2.掌握顺译的方法
世界上的语言可以分为分析性语言和综合性语言两大类。从语言的语法结构特点来看,英语基本上属于分析性语言。英语的词形变化少,主要通过词序、虚词和语言习惯来表示各个语法成分之间的关系。另外,英语句子中的词序比较固定,句子中一些在意义上有关联的词,通常被放置在一起。例如,助动词总是靠近动词,否定词总是靠近被否定词。而汉语根本没有词形变化,是纯粹的分析性语言,汉语的词序也更为固定。
由于英语和汉语都属于分析性语言,二者有共同之处:词序在表达内容上起着非常重要的作用。就自然词序而言,英语和汉语的词序排列有以下共同之处:①主语在谓语的前面。②宾语在谓语的后面。③宾语补足语放在宾语后面。④表语放在系动词后面。⑤前置词定语位置在被修饰语的前面。⑥由单词构成的表示语气、程度、方式等的状语修饰形容词或其它状语时,一般放在修饰语的前面。
(一)增译法
为了使翻译的内容更忠实通顺地表达原文意思,有必要增加一些原文中有其意无其字的词。根据修辞或意义上的需要可增加名词、动词、形容词、副词、量词、语气助词、表达时态的词等等。注意只增词不增意。
We are concerned about dloping the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability.
译文:我们关心的是全面发展学生的各种能力,而不仅仅是发展智力。
(二)词义的引申
在英译汉时,我们会遇到一些词,如果用它们的本意不能准确自然地表达原意,这时需要根据上下文对其意思进行引申,找出恰当的词语来表达。
We should give tit of tat to them.
译文:我们应当与他们针锋相对。
(三)重复法
为了使译文更加准确生动或为了强调,往往重复原文中上下文才出现过的名词、动词、代词等。
With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sorely perplexed.
译文:他老是磨磨蹭蹭,马马虎虎,脾气有好得惊人(二)介词转译成动词(Convert preitions into verbs),我们都对他毫无办法。
(四)省略法
由于英汉两种语言的异,翻译时可省略一些不必要的冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词。
Man must learn to walk before he can run.
译文:人在跑之前,必须先会走。
Winter vacation is the time when I am least busy.
译文:寒我不忙。
(五)正反换译法
在表达一种观点或描述一种事物时,英汉两种语言都可以正说或反说。
1.正说反译法:英语从正面表达,汉语从反面表述。
I prefer cooking at home instead of eating at a restaurant.
译文:我更喜欢在家做饭,而不是去餐馆吃。
2.The criminal was proved guilty beyond doubt.
译文:罪犯证明确实有罪。
(六)分译法
把原文中的词、短语译成一个句子或把一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子称分译法。
Heat is required to change to water.
译文:达到一定热量,冰就变成水。
(七)从句的译法
1.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句在翻译时可按英文的语序译成相对应的汉语。
What has happened is no surprise to us.
译文:发生的事对我们不奇怪。
2.定语从句的译法
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。因此,定语从句的翻译有三种方法:前置法、译成句及译成状语从句。限制性定语从句适用于前两种,非限制性定语从句常译成状语从句。
Electronic comrs, which he many aantages, cannot do rything instead of man.
译文:电子计算机有很多优点,但不能替代人们做一切事情。
3.状语从句的翻译
状语从句在汉语中一般放在主句前面,而在英语中则比较灵活,翻译时应注意调整顺序。
No matter what happens, she nr gives up.
译文:不论发生什么事,她决不放弃。
(八)长句的翻译
应注意切分,可采用顺序法,变序法和分译法处理。
1.顺序法
You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean to threat.
译文:你很可能迅速地瞥一眼其他乘客,以此来打量他们,并让他们确信你对他们没有威胁。
2.变序法
We were most impressed by the fact that n those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
译文:我们对这种事实留下了极深的印象:即使是那些没有被告知病重的病人都很清楚其病情的可能结果。
3.分译法
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disd refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the perFORMance of some top referees.
译文:在98年世界杯得主产生很久以后,失望的球迷们仍在咒骂那些有争议的裁判裁决,这些裁决使他们的球队与胜利无缘。一位研究人员被任命去
(九)合译法
把两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句。
The moon had been up for a long time but he slept on.
译文:月亮上来很久,他还是睡不着。
(十)被动语态的翻译
Competition in business is regarded to be a means to earn money.
译文:商业竞争被认为是一种挣钱手段。
2.转译成主动句
A contingency plan was hastily drawn up.
译文:应急很快定出。
英语翻译技巧--英译汉的技巧(二)
三、汉译的增词技巧
英译汉时,按意义上、修辞上或句法上的需要加一些词,使译文更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容;但是,增加的并不是无中生有,而是要增加原文中虽无其词却有其意的一些词,这是英译汉中常用的的技巧之一。增词技巧一般分作两种情况。
1、根据意义上或修辞上的需要,可增加下列七类词。
Flowers bloom all over the yard .朵朵鲜花满院盛开。(增加表示名词复数的词)
After the banquets ,the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor ,he went home tiredly .在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后,他疲倦地回到了家里。(增加动词)
He sank down with his face in his hands .他两手蒙着脸,一坐了下去。(增加副词)
I had known two great social s .那是以前,他就经历过两大制度。(增加表达时态的词)
As for me ,I didn’t agree from the very beginning .我呢,从一开始就不。(增加语气助词)
The article summed up the new achiments made in electronic comrs ,artificial salites and rockets .本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。(增加概括词)
2、根据句法上的需要增补一此词汇。
Reading makes a full man ;conference a ready man ;writing an exact man.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.(增补原文句子中所省略的动词)
All bodies on the earth are known to sess weight.
大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯有重量。(增补被动句中泛指性的词)
四、正反、反正汉译技巧
正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式,采用变换语气的办法处理词句,把肯定的译成否定的,把否定的译成肯定的。运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求,且不失原意。这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述。
1、肯定译否定
The above facts insist on the following conclusions .上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。
2、否定译肯定
She won’t go away until you promise to her .她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。
3、双否定译肯定
There can be no sunshine without shadow 有阳光就有阴影。
但是,如果翻译时保留英语原来的“否定之否定”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时,则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。如He is not unequal to the duty .他并非不称职。
4、正反移位
I don’t think he will come .我认为他不会来了。
5John was an aggressive salean who did his job quite well.、译为部分否定
Not all minerals come from mines .并非所有矿物都来自矿山。
Both of the substances do not dissolve in water.不是两种物质都溶于水。
五、汉译的重复技巧
重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种。
1、为了明确
I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)
Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes at C and steam at 100C.
在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。(重复动词)
A locality has its own over-all inter2. Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers”.est ,a nation has another and the earth get another.
一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个有一个的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)
2、为了强调
He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding and brooding.
他在街头游来荡去,想了又想,盘算了又盘算。
While stars and nebulae look like specks or all patches of light . they are really enormous bodies.
星星和星云看起来只是斑点点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体
英语翻译的方法和技巧
英语翻译考生要怎么复习,翻译题型考生又该怎么答?不知道的考生看过来,下面由我为你精心准备了“英语翻译的方法和技巧”仅供参考,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的内容!
英语翻译的方法和技巧
特殊词汇短语需要切分翻译
短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。例如:
These cheer little trams, date back to1873,chug and swai up the tower hill with bell ring and people hang from r opening.
这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年,嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响,每个窗口都是人。介词短语分译)
词序调整法的英语inversion一词,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”或“颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。
Americans do not like to be called materialistic because they feel that this unfairly accuses them of loving only material things and of hing no religious values.
美国人不喜欢被称为物质主义者, 因为他们认为指控他们只重物质利益, 没有宗教价值观是不公正的。
上面的句式,定语从句的顺序颠倒在所修饰的名词前面了,中文语序跟英文语序不同。
讲句子顺序时谈到,英语时间状语可前可后。不仅如此英语在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活,既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的,因此,顺译法也罢逆译法也罢,其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语表达与汉语一致的就顺译,相反的则逆译。有时候顺译法与逆译法的别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。
前置法,英语中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时,往往可以提到先行词(中心词)的前面。
关于语句的行为动作的译者在将其从原语获取的各种信息寄载于译语时,需仔细分析两种语言载体在表达方式上的异,避免受到两种语言文字表现形式本身的束缚,应根据具体情况,以信息传递为中心,在译文里对各种信息的比重进行恰当的调整,以便按照符合译语文化传统规约的表达方式,来确定译文中比较恰当的文字表现形式,来安排译文信息层次的顺序,使读者能够以小的认知努力来获取的语境效果,从而能够比较充分而准确地获取原文作者意欲表达的信息。主被动
主动语态和被动语态,这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的,被动语态的使用是科技文章的主要特点之一,其用法十分广泛。
在汉语中,我们可用“被、让、把、遭、换、使、由、受到,为……所”等词来表示被动。但在汉语中的被动语态使用频率比英文要低得多。因此,在遇到被动语态时,应遵循汉语的习惯,如译成被动语态不通,则译成主动语态。
The window of the red house ,which is very pretty , was broken by Tom .汤姆把那个非常漂亮的红色房子的窗户打破了。 本来原英文句式是“被动句”,中文翻译成了主动句。
文段结构的集中于分散
嵌套罗列而成的英语长句确实给理解和翻译都带来了一定困难,逻辑语法分析方法却又令人思路豁然明亮。英语句子由短到长,主要借助于连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等手段,其中连词主要是and, but等并列连词和what, which,who等从属连词。换句话说,这些连词、介词、分词、非谓语动词等把句子分成了一个又一个的小意群。
不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语,可以用来做定语或者状语,可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词,常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语,也可以是拆分点。
This trend began during the Second World War ;定语从句when sral governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个从句that的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demanThe invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.ds。
英语文章也会有总叙述概括,或者分叙述概括的情况。有时候按照语言习惯会把英语长句直接按照并列形式,总分翻译出来。长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍,这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强,可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。
拓展阅读:英语语法的学习方法
怎么快速学好英语语法
语法就是语言、句子的规则,只有知道了规则,掌握了规律,学习起来才会更加容易,理解起来也会更快。所以,想要提高英语成绩,学好英语语法是必须的。
在英语中,主要有基本句型,判断一个句子是否正确就是围绕着这些句型来评判的,不论是简单句还是复合句,都必须要遵守这些规则。只有掌握了这些,英语的学习才会变得更简单。
语法的学习和单词一样重要,如果不知道单词的成分,就不能确定句子的对错,所以,大家在学习单词的时候,一定要注意它的词性,不仅要能背下来,还要会用。
动词的时态是语法学习的难点,英语和汉语不同,汉语有的时候只需要加一个时间状语就可以了,但是英语则是除了加时间状语外,动词也要有相应的变化,这些具体的变化和用法需要大家注意。
英语语法学习技巧有哪些
1、积极主动归纳总结语法规则
英语学习者在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则,不要完全依靠教师或书本的讲解。研究表明,学习者自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。例如动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可作宾语,归纳后可知高中有少数动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语,它们主要是mind, miss, enjoy, admit, oid, finish, escape, pract等。
2、要善于从错误中学习
学习者要善于从错误中学习。英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的。学习者一方面不要怕犯错误,应大胆地使用英语;另一方面,要注意纠正错误,从错误中学习。对于教师批改过的作业,一定要仔细看。在口头交际中,不能完全不顾语法,但也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。研究表明,在口头表达中,适度地语法的正确性和准确性有利于提高口语能力
3、不要被语法术语困扰
在语法学习中,学习者经常被某些语法术语所困扰。不同的语法书和不同的语法学家经常使用不同的语法术语,这给英语学习者造成不少困难。学习者如果遇到难以理解的语法术语,是请教老师,看有没有其他解释。比如有的语法书里使用“名词性从句”、“形容词性从句”等概念。有的学习者难以理解。其实,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句等;形容词性从句一般指定语从句。
如何在Upwork上翻译来赚钱?
译文:打开门,恭候您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上雅的住宅供您选择。现在如果你是新手没有经验不懂技巧的话I he no opinion of that sort of man.在网上直接去联系。一般人家都不要的,特别是翻译公司都要你有经验才行,不过现在有个专门指导新人如何在网上接翻译作翻译赚钱的地方,你可以去咨询下,百度搜“007翻译培训网”。
注意事项:
判断方法:
谣言是对人、对事、对的一种不确切信息的传播。谣言的功能总是消极的。它可以伤害个人,伤害群体,伤害,伤害,在许多情况下,流言蜚语往往成为不诚实的人的斗争的手段和工具;它可以使原来比较稳定的人际关系变得互相猜疑、倾轧、紧张。
使原来比较稳定的秩序变得十分混乱,变得人心惶惶;它可以麻痹人们的思想警惕,减弱人们的防备心理,使人不知不觉成为谣言的俘虏,它可以破坏人们的团结,削弱彼此之间的信任,制造内耗,瓦解对方的战斗力。由于它具有混淆舆论的功能,往往造成极坏的影响。
英语翻译的十大技巧
1.正确分解英文句子英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用 方法 上也存在很大别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。那么接下来给大家分享一些关于英语翻译的十大技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。
英语翻译的十大技巧
一、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的 思维方式 、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或 句子 ,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
二、省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目 标语 思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。
三、转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和 短语 。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
四、拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
五、正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。
六、倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。
七、包孕法:这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。
八、插入法:指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
九、重组法:指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。
十、综合法:是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如何 学习英语 翻译
一、翻译是把一种语言所承载的信息用另一种语言尽可能恰当而准确地表达出来的跨 文化 信息传递活动,其本质是信息传递。从形式上看,翻译活动的确需要涉及两种语言文字之间的转换,而在实质上,在翻译活动的过程中,两种语言文字本身的表现形式之间没有直接的对应关系,译者是信息传递者,其所从事的活动绝不是简单、机械的两种语言文字之间的对应转换,而是借助语言这个信息载体的转换而进行的跨文化信息传递活动。
译者的工作对象是具有不同文化传统背景的两种语言及其使用者。那么,我们这里所说的跨文化信息传递活动,就是指译者在翻译的过程中,通过原语解读作者寄载于原文的各种信息,并通过译语把原文所承载的各种信息传递给译语读者,也就是译者借助两种语言作为信息载体,把原语作者明确表达的和隐含其中的消息、思想、观点、意志、情感等各种信息传递给译语读者。
这个活动涉及三个主体:原语作者、原语读者/译者、译语读者(这里的原语作者、原语读者/译者、译语读者也分别指原语说话人、原语受话人/译者、译语受话人,以后不再赘述)。首先,原语作者作为信息传递者,将自己头脑中产生的信息,以符合原语文化传统规约的表达模式寄载于原语文字(有人认为,从广义上讲,这个过程也是一种翻译过程);第二,译者作为特殊的原语读者,即者,通过原语载体获取原语作者传递的信息;第三,译者作为信息传递者,将其从原文获取的信息以符合译语文化传统规约的表达模式寄载于译语文字;,译语读者通过译语载体获取原语作者传递的信息。
可以看出,翻译活动始终是围绕着跨文化信息传递这个中心来进行的。因此,要想学好英语翻译,了解翻译的信息传递本质,认识自己在翻译这个跨文化信息传递活动中的作用,至关重要。
二、翻译质量的优劣,取决于译者通过原语获取信息的能力和通过译语传递信息的能力。译者必须在充分而准确地理解并获取原文所承载的显性信息和各种隐性信息的基础上,尽可能恰当而准确地用译语将原语作者意欲表达的各种信息比较完整或曰忠实地传递给译语读者。虽然意义上的“完整”或“忠实”往往是不可能实现的,但是尽可能减少信息衰减,尽可能避免不必要的信息冗余,是译者义不容辞的。
一般说来,原文作者在将信息寄载于原语文字时,总是会预设其确定的读者对象能够根据各种共有的知识和 经验 ,推理明了其意欲传递的信息,包括语言文字本身体现出的表层的显性信息和伴随的信息。因此,译者作为一名特殊的读者,要想比较充分而准确地获取原文承载的各种信息,就应当注重知识和经验的积累,在翻译实践活动的过程中努力发挥相应的推理能力。
三、作为一名译者,应当自觉地培养自己的翻译意识。也就是说,译者应当在了解翻译的信息传递本质,熟悉翻译涉及到的两种语言信息传递机制的基本特征及本质性异的前提下,通过翻译实践活动,有意识地去体会翻译,认识翻译,提高自己作为译者的自觉意识,从而在翻译实践活动的过程中能够做到心中有数,知道自己应该怎么做,为什么应该这么做,可以怎么做,为什么可以这么做。
英语翻译学习技巧
没有技巧,只有一个熟字。华罗庚说过,“苦干猛干埋头干,熟能生出百巧来”。语法根基深厚,词汇量大,对专业词汇掌握得熟,自然就能驾轻就熟,怎么玩儿怎么转。简单地说,基本功扎实就是技巧。
二. 翻译中重要的项目
语法、词汇和专业知识。语法是重要的,初中和高中学到的核心的东西其实就是语法。如果语法不好,和老外交流可能会很顺畅,但是做翻译不行,翻译不仅要求能让读者明白意思,而且要专业,英孚英语这个必不可少。
三. 翻译中的语法
语法就是公式。为什么很多译员朋友喜欢做汉译英而不喜欢做英译汉?就是因为汉译英的有公式可套,英译汉的没有公式可套。
四. 评价一份稿件的翻译质量
1.符合逻辑;2.没有语法错误;3.专业知识无错误。做到了这三点,一篇译稿的质量就保证住了,如果对语言的驾驭能力强,文采飞扬,行云流水,那当然就不过了。
五.做到译文顺畅的方法
采取意译。有些译文读起来晦涩难懂,但参照原文却又找不出什么错误,这就是直译较多的缘故。直译会让人一读就知道这是一篇译稿,用行话说这叫翻译痕迹太重。
★ 英语翻译中常用的十种技巧大盘点
★ 英语翻译的方法与技巧
★ 学好英语的十大建议和方法
★ 英语背诵十大技巧
★ 切记:英语翻译的十大误区
★ 学好英语的八大技巧
★ 英语翻译技巧拆句与合句
★ 提高英语翻译的方法
★ 在翻译中,我们会遇到字的翻译,词的翻译,句子的翻译,综合起来就是一篇文章的翻译。这其中每一个方面都有其翻译的技巧。我们这里简单谈一谈词的翻译技巧。学好英语的方法与技巧
★ 10大英语作文写作技巧,请收藏!
英译汉常用的方法技巧
十、以by为着眼点,进行多种译文英译汉常用的方法技巧
在英译汉的过程中,有哪些好的方法与技巧呢?下面就和我一起来看看吧!
一、一词多义(Polysemy)
regular
regular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasoline
delicate
delicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of ell / touch / food
二、注意有线词的词义
He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
三、词义的'引申(Extension or Generalization)
1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction concept
His novel is a ror of the times.
The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.
2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific concept
In two years, he was a national phenomenon.
Public opinion is demanding more and more that soming be done about noise.
Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.
四、词义的褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)
The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.
Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.
It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.
She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.
Exercises
She put five dollars into my hand. “You he been a great man today.”
I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.
The picture flattered her.
The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.
五、转译成动词
(一)名词转译动词(Convert nouns into verbs)
My adation for him grew more.
He said he did not know wher Tom was ready for a showdown.
To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.
Television is the tranission and reception of image of moving objects by radio wes.
In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not n be started.
Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
I am no drinker, nor oker.
The application of electronic comrs makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.
We are fortunate in our opponent.
Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.
The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.
I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.
Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
(三)形容词转译成动词(Convert adjectives into verbs)
He said the meeting was rmative.
They were news-gry.
It was a very rmative meeting.
(四)副词转译成动词(Convert aerbs into verbs)
The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.
It has snowed over.
Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?
六、转译成名词
(一)动词转译成名词(Convert verbs into nouns)
She knows what’s what.
They thought differently.
TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.
The comr is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.
He roared, which threatened his enemies away.
The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.
(二)形容词转译成名词
The new treaty would be good for ten years.
The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.
Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized.
Everyday experience shows us that hey objects are more stable than light ones.
七、转译成形容词
名词转译成形容词
Their physical experiment was a success.
The nuclear power designed in China is of great precision.
Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”
In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.
八、其他词类转译
副词转译成名词
The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.
Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.
The image must be dimensionally correct.
九、大量的英语被动句要化成汉语的主动句
1. He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.
2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.
3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.
4. Many vos he been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.
1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.
2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proal but also by its deeds.
3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of sibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.
4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his .
5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.
十一、“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型,常以下列形式表达
1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.
2. It should be understood that to err is human.
十二、汉译中需用被动式时,也多找一些字眼来取代“被”字
1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.
2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.
3. He was set upon by two naked men.
4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.
5. He was released immediay after Batista fled Cuba.
十三、名词、动名词前增补动词
1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.
2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its y.
十四、英语抽象名词的翻译
1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.
2. Many changes take place during the transformation.
3. Her indifference kept all the 1. But that the old workers ed us, we should he failed.visitors away from the exhibition hall.
4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.
十五、将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征,这是一种引申,需增词
1. It was a Godsend to him.
十六、增添“概括”性的词
1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.
2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proed health.
3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.
4. Proteins are comed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
5. This report summed up the achiments in technology and education.
十七、英文中为避免重复而省略之词,汉译时需补上,作必要的重复
1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.
十八、汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字
1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently aocating his university of the future.
十九、增补量词
1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of , a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.
2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth salite.
二十、增补表示复数含义的词
2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reduced. ;
英译汉常用的方法和技巧
He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.英译汉常用的方法和技巧
I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.语:英译汉常用的方法和技巧,由应届毕业生培训网整理而成,谢谢您的阅读,祝您阅读愉快。
一、 词义的选择、引申和褒贬
1.一词多义(Polysemy)
regular
regular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasoline
delicate
delicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of ell / touch / food
He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.
3.词义的引申(Extension or Generalization)
1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction concept
His novel is a ror of the times.
The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.
2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific concept
In two years, he was a national phenomenon.
Public opinion is demanding more and more that soming be done about noise.
Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.
4.词义的'褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)
The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.
Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.
It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.
She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.
She put five dollars into my hand. “You he been a great man today.”
I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.
The picture flattered her.
The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.
(一)转译成动词
(1)名词转译动词(Convert nouns into verbs)
My adation for him grew more.
He said he did not know wher Tom was ready for a showdown.
To some extent it gets into the question of the chicken or the egg.
Television is the tranission and reception of image of moving objects by radio wes.
In the absence of friction, the vehicle could not n be started.
Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
I am no drinker, nor oker.
The application of electronic comrs makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
(2)介词转译成动词(Convert preitions into verbs)
There are many substances through which electric currents will not flow at all.
We are fortunate in our opponent.
Captain Ford was between the sheets by 9 last night.
The most he is after at this time is a chance to get more money.
I tried to talk him out of the idea, but he was unpleasant.
Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
(3)形容词转译成动词(Convert adjectives into verbs)
He said the meeting was rmative.
They were news-gry.
It was a very rmative meeting.
(4)副词转译成动词(Convert aerbs into verbs)
The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.
It has snowed over.
Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans walk the streets because they can’t sell their own goods?
(二)转译成名词
(1)动词转译成名词(Convert verbs into nouns)
She knows what’s what.
They thought differently.
TV differs from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.
The comr is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.
He roared, which threatened his enemies away.
The man I saw at the party looked and talked like an American.
(2)形容词转译成名词
The new treaty would be good for ten years.
The language of the poem is colloquial, yet it’s deep in its understanding of human emotions.
Then the monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized.
Everyday experience shows us that hey objects are more stable than light ones.
(三)转译成形容词
名词转译成形容词
Their physical experiment was a success.
The nuclear power designed in China is of great precision.
Said a New York bullion trader, “The market’s gone banana.”
In Europe, his name was well known, if not a household word.
(四)其他词类转译
副词转译成名词
The air-conditioning unit is shown schematically on Page 2.
Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world, it is very active chemically.
The image must be dimensionally correct.
三、被动语态的译法
(一)大量的英语被动句要化成汉语的主动句
1. He said the pact had now been reduced to less than a shadow.
2. She had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans.
3. What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplification.
4. Many vos he been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.
(二)以by为着眼点,进行多种译文
1. But real influence is not built up by striking attitude or by throwing insults.
2. Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proal but also by its deeds.
3. What I like best are the stern cliffs, with ranges of mountains soaring behind them, full of sibilities, peaks to be scaled only by the most daring.
4. Many expect that he will be outed by one of his .
5. He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.
(三)“it + be + p.p. + that clause”的句型,常以下列形式表达
1. It should be noted that he and she were academically more than just friends.
2. It should be understood that to err is human.
(四)汉译中需用被动式时,也多找一些字眼来取代“被”字
1. The visitor was flattered and impressed.
2. Everybody was fed up with her gossip.
3. He was set upon by two naked men.
4. If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found somehow.
5. He was released immediay after Batista fled Cuba.
四、增词法
(一)名词、动名词前增补动词
1. We often go to the school-run factory for labor.
2. Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its y.
(二)英语抽象名词的翻译
1. He was still reluctant to talk substance.
2. Many changes take place during the transformation.
3. Her indifference kept all the visitors away from the exhibition hall.
4. From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.
(三)将具体形象的词译成该形象所具有的属性和特征,这是一种引申,需增词
1. It was a Godsend to him.
(四)增添“概括”性的词
1. He had slept there before, in July and again in October.
2. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proed health.
3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.
4. Proteins are comed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
5. This report summed up the achiments in technology and education.
(五)英文中为避免重复而省略之词,汉译时需补上,作必要的重复
1. I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.
(六)汉译文根据原文意思增加一些必要的解释性文字
1. And he launched into a speech, eloquently aocating his university of the future.
(七)增补量词
1. Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a metal spoon, a coin, a piece of , a pin, a plastic comb, a key, a pencil, a tin lid and a rubber eraser.
2. On April 24th 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made earth salite.
(八)增补表示复数含义的词
2. The moving parts of a machine are often oiled so that friction may be greatly reduced. ;
中文英文翻译有什么技巧?
3、为了生动汉语句子翻译成英语的方法技巧:
(1)逆序法
英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文後面开始翻译。在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之後,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。
倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前後调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。
(2)顺序法
当英语长句的内容叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语,从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。
(3)包孕法
这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语後置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖踏或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。
(4)分句法
有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语转换成句子,分开来叙述。为了使语意连贯,有时需要适当增加词语,也就是采取化整为零的方法将整个英语长句翻译为几个的句子,顺序基本不变,前後保持连贯。
(5)综合法
上面我们讲述了英语长句的逆序法、顺序法和分句法,事实上,在翻译一个英语长句时,并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法,而是要综合使用到各种方法,这在我们上面所举的例子中也有所体现。
再一. 翻译的技巧如,一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便,这就需要我们的仔细分析,或按照时间的先後,或按照逻辑顺序,顺逆结合,主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。
商务英语翻译的若干技巧
5.Exercises商务英语翻译的若干技巧
商务英语是专门用途英语中的一个分支,是英语在商务场合中的应用。下面是我分享的商务英语翻译的若干技巧,欢迎大家阅读!
众所周知,英语已成为商务活动的媒体。商务英语是专门用途英语(English for Specific Pures)中的一个分支,是为商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,它基于英语的基本语法、句法结构和词汇,但又具有独特的语言现象和表现内容。随着商务的繁荣发展,我国对外开放力度不断加大,尤其是加入WTO以后,商务英语的翻译工作显得十分重要。商务英语翻译比起普通英语翻译要更复杂,译者除了要精通两种语言之外还要熟悉商务方面的知识,了解商务领域的表达方法和语言特点。国内众多学者孜孜不倦于提高商务英语翻译工作的质量,对商务英语的翻译标准问题、方法问题、语言特点问题等做了大量研究和探索。在学习吸收他人观点的基础上,我仅从几个角度出发,提出几点商务英语翻译中行之有效的技巧。
一、减免文化异对商务英语翻译造成的障碍
不同的民族有着不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情、文化传统。据悉,全世界每年被介绍到全球市场的产品中大约85%都失败了。“营销的成功之路是建立在错误营销和广告战役中失败的废墟之上的。它们中大多数失败是由于跨文化交流的错误。”这些交流失败要么是忽视文化异,要么是对文化异的无知所造成的。例如,“龙”(dragon)在汉语里是“权威吉祥力量”的象征,所以许多商品以此命名。但是,在西方文化中,dragon指邪恶的怪物,是罪恶的象征。圣经故事中恶魔撒旦(Satan)就被认为是the great dragon。另外,dragon还有“泼妇”的意思。因此,dragon在英语中所引起的联想与人心目中的“龙”是完全不同的。鉴于此,我们在翻译“四小龙”时,经过文化转化处理,将其译为Four Asian Tigers,而不是Four Asian Dragons,因为tiger(老虎)在西方人心中是一种强悍的动物。同样,“金鸡牌”闹钟原来被译为“Golden cock”,“Alarm Clock”。“Cock”一词在英语中属于忌讳语、下流话,常用于的词,正式英语中避用该词,后来改译为“Golden Rooster”,从而使原文读者与译文读者获得同样的审美感受。此外,东西方的酒文化也是可以进行比较的。盛产“白酒”,有人将它按字面意思翻译成white wine,但殊不知这white wine是白葡萄酒,而spirits或liquor才能与中文的“白酒”对等。再看英语和汉语中都有表达“干货”这一指称对象的词语,正确的英文术语是dried food and nuts,而不能译成dry goods(纺织品)。
总之,由于和英语民族有着不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情、文化传统等,从事商务的翻译人员必须了解掌握本国与异国的民族文化异,并设法使这些异在传译过程中消失,同时在译入语中找到准确的词语,才能在翻译工作中做到文化信息对等,使异国文化在译入语中再现。
二、译文与原文在风格上要做到忠实一致
这里所指的“风格”,实际上是指不同的文体。风格信息是语言所传递的信息之一。风格信息的传递在翻译中不可忽视。翻译中若忽略了原文的风格信息,不仅会使译文信息大量流失,而且使译文显得不得体。商务英语涉及到不同文体的语言形式,如公文、法律、广告等。所以,翻译者必须重视不同风格信息的传递,实英语翻译的十大技巧相关 文章 :现原文与译文风格信息的对等。
例如:These Rules shall govern the arbitration except that where any of these Rules is in conflict with a provision of the law applicable to the arbitration from which the parties cannot derogate,that provision shall prevail.
译文:本规则应管辖仲裁,但如本规则任何条款同适用于仲裁而为当事人各方所不能背离的法律规定相抵触时,则该规定应优先适用。
以上例子原文是具有法律意义的条款,汉语译文也必须是汉语的法律语言,否则,译文读上去就不像法律条款。如,These Rules shall govern the arbitration...若翻译成“这些规则应管制仲裁……”听上去让人感到很不自然。另外,that provision shall prevail中的`prevail一词实在不好翻译,若不熟悉法律语言,则很难找到确切的词语。一般的词典所给的释义是“胜过”、“优胜”、“流行”等,在此处显然不合适。
再如:The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Wher your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky,you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegantresidences.
上面是一则广告,该广告中的await,manor,elegant,residence等均是正式语汇,代替了口语中的wait,house,n,place,使文体显得高雅庄重,一方面能烘托出商品的高贵品质,另一方面又满足了消费者讲究身份、追求上乘的心理。这里原文的文雅用词分别以“恭候”、“企盼”、“宅第”等译出,在风格语体方面尽量与原文相应。
三、做好译入语中无“对应词”的原语翻译
英语中的某些词语在汉语中只能找到部分对应的词语,甚至根本就没有对应语,出现词语空缺。反之亦然。大家所熟悉的美国运动系列商品Nike,本意是希腊神话中胜利女神的芳名,因此商标Nike能使英语的人联想到胜利和吉祥。但若按音译为“奈姬”或是“娜基”之类,消费者便会十分费解,不知其意。翻译前辈在翻译时模仿其音节,并考虑到运动服装应该具有经久耐磨损的特点,将它译成了“耐克”,既有坚固耐穿的含义,又包含了克敌必胜的意思。虽然如此,Nike所蕴涵的西方文化信息对人来说,不可能像英语的人那样想起Nike女神,翻译中的文化信息被丢失。同样,文化的“鸳鸯”常用来比喻夫妻,而mandarin duck却无此含义。此外,“三资企业”、“精神文明”等汉语词语在英语中也同样存在“意义空缺”。
对于这些译入语中无“对应词”的原语的翻译,因其文化负载很重,翻译时须进行文化信息调整。对于汉英词语的指称意义翻译一般有四种方法,即直译法、意译法、音译法、音译和意译结合法。
(一)直译法
直译法是指在不违背译入语文化背景的前提下,在译入语中完全保留原文语言词语的指称意义。例如:冒伪劣商品(fake or poor quality commodities)、“钻石”牌手表(Diamond wrist watch)、汇率并轨(a uniform exchange rate)、most-fored-nation treatment (惠国待遇)、income tax(所得税)等等。有时,为了保持原文符号意义的完整性,译者可采用直译加注的方法。例如:“2003年共批准‘三资’企业120家”译为“In 2003,the province approved 120‘Three Forms of Ventures’( Sino -foreign joint ventures,cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign - funded enterprises)”。通过直译加注的方法,既对词语的指称意义作了说明,又巧妙地保持了原文的语言风格,传递了相似的文化信息。
(二) 意译法
意译法是指译者在受到译语文化异的局限时,舍弃原文的字面意义,以求译文与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能相似的方法。意译法是商务英语翻译常用的方法,它保留了原名的特点和形式。如“争取运动成绩与精神文明双丰收”这句口号,直译为“For a good harvest both in sports and morals”,但由于英语中的good harvest除好收成外并无其他语用意义,将它与sports,moral放在一起便显得不伦不类,令人费解,因此不能直译而只能意译。另外,“精神文明”译为moral也不妥,它容易让人产生男女关系上的误解。因此将其改译为“For better (athletic) records and sportanship”,不仅用词准确达意,而且行文简洁流畅,再现了原文的信息功能和美感功能。
(三) 音译法
音译法是指用音位为单位在译文中保留源语言的发音以便突出原文主要语言功能的翻译方法。较为的范例要数美国的 cola,它被译成“可口可乐”,既保持了原词的音节和响亮,又使人一听便知是饮料商标。这就把原来本无特定含义的词翻译得有声有色,令人回味无穷;而且“可乐”已经成为现代中饮料的代名词,可见其译名在文化中的渗透力。同样,文化对西方文化具有类似渗透力的一个译名可能要数的“气功”、“功夫”等词语了,其译名“qigong”,“gongfu”保留了我们的民族文化特色。
(四) 音译和意译结合法
音译和意译结合是指在英译中既保留原文的发音又能体现原文的指称意义,以谐音又谐意的方式达到功能相似。以一种“索”牌塑料绳具为例,有人把它音译成Suo,也有人试着直译为Large Rope,或干脆意译为Strong,但这些英译名都不如采取音意结合方式将其译为Solid好。译名Solid避免了单纯音译的空洞感和直译的平淡感以及意译后产品标牌的不一致性。“索”的汉语拼音suo与英语Solid的so为谐音,而Solid在词义上又与原文“坚固耐用”的涵义相吻合,收到了音谐意谐的双重效果。从语言功能看,原文的信息功能、美感功能和祈使功能(使人产生购买欲望)都得到了有效传递。
总之,商务英语翻译者要了解中外文化异,以便通过恰当的方法达到文化上的对等;译文与原文要做到风格一致,译文要传达给读者与原文同样的信息和情感效果;掌握译入语中无对应词时原语的翻译方法并灵活运用。当然,商务英语翻译博大精深,其翻译技巧还有很多,只有不断学习和探索,才能逐步提高商务英语翻译的质量。
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