本文目录一览:
- 1、卡夫亨氏值得去吗
- 2、美国绅士坚果淘宝不卖了吗
- 3、(Day 2)每日一文:《经济学人·商论》中英双语
- 4、用什么打造明日的儿童零食市场?
- 5、三季度赚两千亿,巴菲特到底是做的什么生意呢?
- 6、京东物流:将青流进行到底
卡夫亨氏值得去吗
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
卡夫亨氏电商销售(卡夫亨氏销售培训生待遇)
卡夫亨氏电商销售(卡夫亨氏销售培训生待遇)
卡夫亨氏电商销售(卡夫亨氏销售培训生待遇)
我觉得现在很多儿童的零食都是属于一些油炸的零食,可能就是用油打造明日的零食市场。
THIS WAS suped to be the quarter that Kraft Heinz showed America's huge, struggling food companies a new model for success. A merger in 2015 had joined two of the world's most iconic food makers. Backed by 3G Capital, a private-equity firm, the new group slashed costs at a pace that made shudder and investors swoon. After a failed bid in 2017 for Unilr, an Anglo-Dutch giant, Kraft Heinz set out to prove it could not just cut fat but boost sales on its own. Bernardo Hees, the company's boss, pointed cheerfully to new products, including Heinz Mayochup and soming called Just Crack an Egg. The company was on the path to "sustainable, profitable growth", he declared in November. Unfortunay, it wasn't.
On February 21st Kraft Heinz announced a staggering $15bn impairment, a dividend cut of more than 3o% and an inquiry into its procurement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Earnings calls are often sleepy affairs. This one was a nightmare. Some of 3G's long-time critics are now clucking with satisfaction. Others fear 3G is tarnishing American treasures such as Kraft Macaroni and Cheese and Warren Buffett, who partnered with 3G to combine Heinz and Kraft and last year lost nearly $3bn on the deal. Yet dramatic as Kraft Heinz's decline may seem, 3G's impact and the food industry's problems extend far beyond it.
While its founders are Brazilian, 3G's buyout business is based in Manhattan.(Its most famous founder, Jorge Paulo Lemann, lives in Switzerland.) Unlike many big private-equity firms, 3G's main investors are not pension funds but family offs and individuals, including its partners. It does not he a wide portfolio, but backs just two companies: Kraft Heinz and Restaurant Brands International (RBI). Blackstone, a private-equity firm based a few blocks away, has nearly 2,5oo staff.3G's New York off has fewer than two dozen. Yet 3G's leaders he rocked the consumer industry like few investors in history.
All buyout firms are thirsty for deals, but 3G is uniquely parched. Before starting 3G, the firm's founders went on a beer-buying spree that culminated in 2o16 with Anheuser-Busch InBev's purchase of SAB Miller for more than $100bn. AB InBev, in which 3G's partners he a large stake, now brews more than one in four of the world's beers. Kraft Heinz counts Kraft cheese, Heinz Ketchup, Jell-0, Philadelphia Cream Cheese and Oscar Mayer among its holdings. RBI includes Burger King, Popeyes, a fried-chicken restaurant, and Tim Hortons, a popular Canadian chain.
The way 3G runs companies is as notable as its appetite for buying them. In a pract called zero-based budgeting, mars must justify their expenses anew each year. The idea is to expand margins continuously. Overseeing this are mars chosen for their talent and work ic, rather than mere experience. Daniel Schwartz, a 3G partner, became the chief executive of Burger King at 32. Mr Hees, a 3G partner who spent more than a decade working for a Latin American railroad, became Kraft Heinz's boss at 45. Did Knopf, its chief financial offr, assumed his ition in 2017 at 29.
To 3G's detractors, this all seems a bit mad. The company's strategy can be caricatured as follows: buy a big business, cut costs, repeat. This is not entirely fair. RBI has invested in marketing Burger King, winning prizes for its ads. AB InBev is working to boost its sales, for instance by pushing higher-prd beers and deploying best practs across its vast geography.
But buying big companies and slashing costs remain 3G's speciality. The risks of that strategy he become clear. RBI struggled to integrate franchisees at Tim Hortons. AB InBev last year said it would slash its dividend by half.
Nowhere has 3G's approach played out more tumultuously than at Kraft Heinz. America's food industry seemed the perfect target, with flabby companies and powerful brands. Rare is the American who has not slurped Kool-Aid or downed an Oscar Mayer hot dog othered in Heinz Ketchup.3G reckoned the brands were strong enough to withstand large cuts. As it turns out, they were not.
This was not the same for AB InBev, which despite abyal results in America, has little beer competition from in-store brands, is rarely sold online and faces ample growth abroad. Kraft Heinz's business, by comparison, is concentrated in America, where the food industry is being turned on its head. Its brands may be familiar, but that does not make them popular. Small firms are offering healthier options, taking aantage of cheap digital marketing and nimble contract manufacturers. The allest 20,000 packaged goods players account for about half the industry's growth, according to Nielsen, a research firm.
Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce and European discount grocers has put pressure on food retailers, which are in turn squeezing food companies. Stores led by Walmart are using extensive data to launch their own, increasingly sophisticated, low-cost private label goods, all the while pushing companies to lower their prs.
Things started well for Kraft Heinz. Its operating profit margin surged from 15% in 2014 to 24% in 2017. The first big setback came that year when Paul Polman, then Unilr's boss, rebuffed the company's $143bn courtship.(Unilr, wisely, has devoted growing attention not to food but to beauty and household products.) Without his megadeal, Mr Hees turned to the basic work of lifting sales by pouring more money into aertising, product innovation and Kraft Heinz's sales force, but that ate into profits.
Equally striking is the company's new $15bn impairment, a recognition that the value of giant brands has shrivelled. Mr Buffett says that he misjudged the worth of Kraft's stable of products. "The mament team entered into this merger with the assumption they could cut the spending needed to maintain brands, let alone them grow," says Robert Moskow of Credit Suisse, a bank. "The world changed on them-retailers changed and consumers changed."
Flawed though 3G's approach may seem, few food companies offer a successful alternative. Companies he tried to evolve by buying aller firms, often at lofty prs and with mixed results. For instance Campbell Soup bought Bolthouse Farms, a maker of fruity drinks, in 2o12, but is now trying to sell it. Last year it bought Snyder's-Lance, a pretzel and popcorn company, to boost its snacks business. Its debt ll has risen accordingly. Indeed, shopping sprees at Campbell, ConAgra and General Mills he made those companies more lred than Kraft Heinz, according to Sanford C Bernstein, a research firm.
Kraft Heinz now wants to shrink to grow: it plans divestments over the next 18 months to improve its balance sheet so it can make other, big deals. But the SEC's subpoena suggests that some internal processes might be unrelling as mars struggle to meet bold goals. The notion that big deals will se American food firms looks increasingly dubious. In 2014, before Heinz bought Kraft, the combined gross operating profits of the companies were about $6.5bn. Now, due in part to some problems beyond its control, Kraft Heinz expects its 2019 profits to be about the same.
卡夫亨氏《Kraft Heinz)本应在这个季度向美国规模巨大但陷入困境的食品公司展示一种通往成功的新模式。2015年,两家全球标志性的食品制造商合二为一。在私募股权公司G资本的支持下,新以令竞争对手战栗、令投资者狂喜的速度削减成本。2017年收购英荷巨头联合利华失败后,卡夫亨氏开始想办法证明自己不但会减肥,还能凭自身提高销焦额。公司老板贝尔纳多·希斯(Bernardo Hees)兴高采烈地搬出新产品作例证,包括亨氏的蛋黄番茄酱(Mayochup)和一种叫“打个蛋”(just Crack an Egg)的食品。去年11月他查布公司正走在遇往可持续、有盈利的增长“的道路上。遗憾的是,并没有。
上月21日,卡夫亨氏披露了150亿美元的巨额减记、削减超过30%的股息,以及美国证券交易委员会(SEC)调查其采购部门的事宜。财报电话会议通常让人昏昏欲题,这一次却是一场露梦。一些长期批评3G资本的人现在难掩得意之情。另一些人则担心,3G资本正在玷污像卡夫亨氏通心粉和巴菲特这样的美国瑰宝。之前正是巴非特与3G资本联手促成了亨氏和卡夫的合井,去年他因这笔交易亏损近30亿美元。不过,尽管卡夫亨氏的业绩下滑看起来很惊人,3G资本的影响和食品行业的问题却远不止于此。
3G资本的几位创始人都是巴西人,但收购业务的总部设在曼哈顿。(公司最知名的创始人豪尔赫·保罗·雷曼[Jorge Paulo Lemann]住在瑞士。)与许多大型私募股权公司不同,3G资本的主要投资者不是养老基金,而是家族办公空和个人,包括它的合伙人。它的投资组合并不广泛,只支持两家公司:卡夫亨氏和餐饮品牌公司(Restaurant Brands International,RBJ)。私募股权公司需石(Blackstone)的总卸离3G资本只有几个街区,有近0名员工,而3G资本纽约办事处的员工还不到24人。不过,3G贸本的却震憾了整个消费行业,极少有投资者曾做到这一点。
所有的投资收购公司都渴望达成交易,但3G资本在这方面的热望。在成立3G资本之前,该公司的创始人掀起了一场啤酒业收购狂湖,在2016年百威英博(Anheuser-Busch InBev)以逾1000亿美元收购SAB米勒(SAB Miller)时达到顶峰。如今,由G资本的合伙人大量持股的百威英博酿造了超过全球四分之一的啤酒。卡夫亨氏的产品包括卡夫奶酪、亨氏番茄、Jell-O果冻、菲力奶油奶酪和Oscar Mayer肉制品。RBI旗下有汉堡王、炸鸡店Popeyes和颇受欢迎的加拿大连锁店Tim Hortons。
3G资本运营所持有公司的方式和收购它们的劲头一样引人注目。它采用一种“零基预算法”的做法,们每年都要重新证明他们的支出是合理的。此举是为了持续扩大利润率。而监督这一作的管理层是因他们的才能和职业道德而不仅仅是经验被选定的。3G资本的合伙人之一丹尼尔·施瓦茨(Daniel Schwartz)出任汉堡王的首席执行官时才32岁。另一位合伙人希斯在一家拉美公司工作了十多年,45岁时成为卡夫亨氏的老板。首席财务官戴维·克诺夫(Did Knopf)2017年上任时才29岁。
对于3G资本的抨击者来说,这一切似乎有点疯狂。夸张一点说,该公司的战略就是:收购一家大企业,削减成本,然后再重复。但这么说并不完全公平。RBI在汉堡王的营销上投资,赢得了广告。百威英博正努力提振销售,比如推销价格更高的啤酒,并在公司广阔的版图上应用实践。
但收购大公司和削减成本仍是3G资本的专长。这种策略的风险已经变得很明显。整合Tim Hortons的加盟商让RBI不堪重负。百威英博去年表示将把股息削减一半。
3G资本的这套做法用在卡夫亨氏上时表现得最为混乱。美国的食品产业看起来是个完美的目标,因为该行业里企业臃肿但品牌强大。很少有美国人没喝过速溶饮料Kool-Aid,或是没吃过涂满亨氏番茄酱的Oscar Mayer热狗。3G资本认为这些品牌足够强大,能承受大幅成本削减。事实证明它们并不能。
百威英博的情况就不一样了。尽管在美国的业绩糟糕透顶,但百威英博几乎没有遇到过来自商店自有品牌啤酒的竞争,很少在网上销售,而且海外增长强劲。相比之下,卡夫亨氏的业务集中在美国,而美国的食品行业正在发生翻天覆地的变化。它的各个品牌可能为人熟知,但这并不能让它们大卖。小公司正利用便宜的数字营销和灵活的承包生产商带来的优势,提供给消费者更健康的选择。根据研究公司尼尔森的数据,规模最小的两万家包装食品公司占了整个行业增长的一半左右。
与此同时,电子商务和欧洲折扣杂货商的崛起给食品零售商带来了压力,它们继而又向食品公司施压。以沃尔玛为首的商店正在利用大量数据推出越来越精致且价格低廉的自有品牌商品,并始终在促使食品公司降价。
卡夫亨氏的开局不错。营业利润率从2014年的15%飙升至2017年的24%。2017年,卡夫亨氏遭遇了次重大挫折,时任联合利华老板的保罗.波尔曼(Paul Polman)拒绝了该公司1430亿美元的求购。(联合利华明智地将注意力越来越多地放在美容和家用品而非食品上。)巨额收购落空,希斯转而专注于提高销售额这项基础工作,将更多资金投在广告、产品创新和卡夫亨氏的销售队伍上,但这侵蚀了利润。
同样惹人注目的是该公司150亿美元的新一轮减记,这等于承认公司各大品牌价值缩水。巴菲特表示他错误地判断了卡夫众多产品的价值。“管理团队设想的是,合并之后他们可以削减品牌维护所必需的开支,更不用说帮助品牌成长了,”瑞信银行的罗伯特·莫斯可(Robert Moskow)说道,“世界在他们那里发生了变化——零售商变了,消费者也变了。”
3G资本的方法似乎存在缺陷,但极少有食品公司能拿出一个成功的替代方案。各大公司尝试通过收购规模较小的公司来自我进化,这些收购交易的价格往往很高,而收效不一。例如,金宝汤(Campbell Soup)于2012年收购了果汁饮料生产商Bolthouse Farms,但现在又想把它卖掉。去年它收购了一家椒盐脆饼和爆米花公司Snyder's-Lance,以扩大零食业务。它的债务水平也相应上升。研究公司盛博称,实际上,金宝汤、康尼格拉(ConAgra)和通用磨坊(General Mills)的疯狂收购使得这些公司的杠杆率比卡夫亨氏还高。
卡夫亨氏现在希望通过收缩规模来实现增长:它在未来18个月剥离资产以改善资产负债表,以便能实现其他大规模交易。但美国证交会的传票显示,由于管理层难以达到大胆的目标,一些内部流程可能正在瓦解。大型交易能拯救美国食品公司的想法看起来越来越不可靠了。2014年在亨氏收购卡夫之前,两家公司的总营业利润约为65亿美元。现在,一定程度上由于公司自身无法控制的一些问题,卡夫亨氏预计2019年的利润将与合并前大致相同。
8月6日,由欧盟、德国联邦经济合作与发展部支持的“塑料再思考——循环经济应对海洋”项目试点之一“快递业塑料包装减量及循环利用”正式召开线上启动会。京东物流参与这一项目并在海口试点投放了万余循环包装箱,同时也首次试点循环快递袋, 探索 逐步减少使用一次性PE塑料包装袋。
去年11月15日,京东物流对外公布碳目标:与2019年相比,到2030年碳排放总量减少50%。 早在2017年,京东物流携手宝洁、雀巢、惠氏、乐高、金佰利、农夫山泉、联合利华、屈臣氏、伊利等商家共同发起青流,以推动供应链“端到端”的绿色化、环保化, 探索 在包装、仓储、运输等多个环节实现低碳环保、节能降耗。
日前在海口投放循环快递袋,并非京东物流在循环包装上的首次尝试。2017年12月,京东物流首发试点循环快递箱——青流箱。段艳健介绍,青流箱由可复用材料制成,箱体正常情况下可以循环使用50次以上,破损后还可以回收再生。同时,青流箱无需胶带封包,在循环使用的同时可做到不产生任何一次性包装,并配合自行研发的循环包装管理系统,借助码和RFID管理技术,实现循环包装全流程。 目前,青流箱在、上海、广州、杭州、成都、西安、沈阳、武汉等30余个城市进行常态化使用,已累计使用1600余万次。
此外,在京东生鲜业务中已全面推行使用可折叠保温周转箱,代替一次性泡沫箱,通过京东逆向物流返回仓库循环使用。京东循环冷链箱使用寿命超过1.5年,平均单箱使用次数达130次,历年累计使用次数达1.8亿次,有效减少了一次性泡沫箱和冰袋、干冰的使用。 目前已累计减少一次性泡沫箱1.8亿个,减少一次性冰袋6亿个,减少干冰0.5亿千克,累计减排量达30多万吨。
据介绍,京东物流还发挥自身在供应链方面的优势,与上游企业合作共同在包装减量循环上下功夫。一方面,使用原发包装,即商品包装在物流运输过程中具备防护商品功能,且满足外界物流环境,无需二次包装实现直接发货。京东物流通过入仓优惠政策激励上游品牌商企业推行直发包装,宝洁、联合利华等品牌商上千个商品SKU已实现出厂原包装可直发, 截至目前已减少物流纸箱使用1.5亿个以上。段艳健指出,这一措施共减少纸张使用约12.5万吨,相当于减少碳排放4.4 105吨。
另一方面,使用简约包装,即通过简化或去除品牌商纸箱版面logo,提升商家纸箱在下游物流企业中的重复利用率,降低供应链一次性包装的使用。目前宝洁、联合利华、强生、欧莱雅等50余家企业落地推广简约包装,已减少使用一次性纸箱1亿个以上。
京东物流方面提供的数据显示: 截至2020年12月31日,京东循环中转袋平均使用率已经超过98%;通过将胶带将宽度由53mm“瘦身”至45mm,2020年全年京东胶带瘦身行动减少胶带使用4亿米;通过仓内无纸化作业以及电子面单,2020年全年减少纸张消耗1.3万吨。
2016年,京东与东港股份联合打造了“京东包装实验室”,致力于绿色物流包装产品的研发和使用。该实验室是国内基于电商物流包装领域的实验研发机构。2018年4月,包装实验室升级为“电商物流联合包装创新中心”,京东物流与灰度环保等行业上下游伙伴共同研发绿色包装应用技术,从消费需求及供应链革新的角度切入, 探索 绿色包装生态。
到2019年8月,京东物流与包装科研测试中心、宝洁、强生、卡夫亨氏、联合利华、蒙牛、安姆科等多家机构、企业签署合作,发起成立电商物流行业包装标准联盟,联合探讨电商行业包装标准的制定、应用和推广。该标准基于京东物流全链路运输环境,详细记录了同城、跨城、跨区运输,陆运、航空、等场景下数万个的物流数据,研究货物损坏因素并形成包装测试标准。据了解,目前该标准已经完成一期工作,可为供应链上下游的企业提供重要依据,包括为品牌商源头包装设计提供电商物流真实模拟环境,降低包装实验室测试错率;为电商企业制定商品包装标准提供依据;为物流企业包装增值服务提供依据,避免出现包装不足造成货物破损;为包装企业提供运输包装解决方案时提供参考,满足市场需求。
在黑 科技 的发力上,京东物流一直处于国内梯队,绿色包装方面的黑 科技 近年也多有突破。2019年初,京东物流启用全链路智能包装系统——“精卫”,主要包括磁悬浮打包机、气泡膜打包机、枕式打包机、对折膜打包机等18种智能设备,实现了针对气泡膜、对折膜、纸箱等各种包装材料的统筹规划和合理使用,形成了软硬件一体化的智能打包系统的解决方案。据介绍,通过“精卫”进行的耗材准确率在96.5%以上,显著实现了包装材料的降本增效。
在物流过程中,货车所产生的碳排放一直是物流企业的碳排放来源。但受限于目前电池续航、充电桩不完善等问题,尚未能实现全域的新能源车普及。尽管如此,京东物流在能力范围内积极推广应用新能源车。
在仓储设施方面,京东物流大力推行光伏发电。早在2017年,京东物流就率先在上海“一号”智能物流园区布局屋顶分布式光伏发电系统,并在2018年正式并网发电。目前,光伏发电已覆盖其园区内包括仓内照明、自动分拣、自动打包、自动拣货等多场景作业的用电需求,同时率先进行分布式光伏电站与 汽车 行业资源整合, 探索 “ 汽车 +车棚+充电桩+光伏”项目试点,为光伏发电在物流领域的广泛推广应用打造了新样板。
“青岛、合肥、杭州、西安、天津、六地的京东物流‘一号’智能物流园区也陆续完成光伏发电并网,到2021年底光伏电站装机总量将达到200兆瓦,实现年发电量1.6亿度以上。”段艳健提供了这样一组数据:这相当于5万户家庭一年的用电量。经测算,“一号”光伏发电平均每分钟可减少碳排放40公斤,智能设备通过“黑灯作业”省电2283度,雨水收集系统灌溉120平米绿地。
“未来,京东物流将继续以‘青流’为依托,秉承绿色可持续发展理念,主动担起 。”段艳健承诺京东物流将携手更多伙伴一起,为早日实现碳达峰、碳中和目标贡献京东力量。 (本文刊载于《物流与采购》杂志2021年第17期封面)
三季度赚两千亿,巴菲特到底是做的什么生意呢?
1、买股票的心态不要急,不要只想买到价,这是不现实的。真正拉升的股票你就是高点价买入也是不错的,所以买股票宁可错过,不可过错,不能盲目买卖股票,买对个股盘面熟悉的股票。
2、你若不熟悉,可先模拟买卖,熟悉股性,是先跟一两天,熟悉作手法,你才能掌握好的买入点。
3、重视必要的技术分析,关注成交量的变化及盘面语言(盘面买卖单的情况)。
4、尽量选择热点及合适的买入点,做到当天买入后股价能上涨脱离成本区。
三人和:买入的多,人气旺,股价涨,反之就跌。这时需要的是个人的看盘能力了,能否及时的发现热点。这是短线成败的关键。股市里作短线要的是心狠手快,心态要稳,能正确的买入后股价上涨脱离成本,但一旦判断错误,碰到调整下跌就要及时的卖出止损,可参考前贴:胜在止损,这里就不重复了。
四卖股票的技巧:股票不可能是一直上涨的,涨到一定程度就会有调整,那短线作就要及时卖出了,一般说来股票赚钱时,随时卖都是对的。也不要想卖到价,但为了利益话,在股票卖出上还是有技巧的,我就本人的经验介绍一下(不一定是的):
1、已有一定大的涨幅,而股票又是放量在快速拉升到涨停板而没有封涨停的股票可考虑卖出,特别是留有长上影线的。
2、60分钟或日线中放巨量滞涨或带长上影线的股票,一般第二天没继续放量上冲,很容易形成短期顶部,可考虑卖出了。
3、可看分时图的15或30分钟图,如5均线交叉10日均线向下,走势感觉较弱时要及时卖出,这种走势往往就是股票调整的开始,很有参考价值。
4、对于买错的股票一定要及时止损,止损位越高越好,这是一个长期实战演练累积的过程,看错了就要买单,没什么可等的。
卡夫亨氏是一家在全球范围内拥有广泛业务网络和稳定市场地位的公司,具有强大的研发能力和创新能力,注重员工培训和职业发展,提供多样化的职业发展机会和待遇,同时也倡导文化多样性和包容性,创造积极向上的工作氛围。
一些人认为,卡夫亨氏是一家快速发展的公司,这为公司带来了许多机遇和挑战。而且,公司的管理层似乎对管理培训生比较重视,这意味着年轻人有机会接触到化的资源设备,并且有各种机遇和挑战。
然而,不同的人有不同的职业需求和价值观,每个人在选择工作时都有自己的考量。因此,是否值得去卡夫亨氏工作,需要根据个人的兴趣、职业目标和对公司的了解来进行评估。
美国绅士坚果淘宝不卖了吗
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
(Day 2)每日一文:《经济学人·商论》中英双语
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
我觉得现在很多儿童的零食都是属于一些油炸的零食,可能就是用油打造明日的零食市场。
THIS WAS suped to be the quarter that Kraft Heinz showed America's huge, struggling food companies a new model for success. A merger in 2015 had joined two of the world's most iconic food makers. Backed by 3G Capital, a private-equity firm, the new group slashed costs at a pace that made shudder and investors swoon. After a failed bid in 2017 for Unilr, an Anglo-Dutch giant, Kraft Heinz set out to prove it could not just cut fat but boost sales on its own. Bernardo Hees, the company's boss, pointed cheerfully to new products, including Heinz Mayochup and soming called Just Crack an Egg. The company was on the path to "sustainable, profitable growth", he declared in November. Unfortunay, it wasn't.
On February 21st Kraft Heinz announced a staggering $15bn impairment, a dividend cut of more than 3o% and an inquiry into its procurement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Earnings calls are often sleepy affairs. This one was a nightmare. Some of 3G's long-time critics are now clucking with satisfaction. Others fear 3G is tarnishing American treasures such as Kraft Macaroni and Cheese and Warren Buffett, who partnered with 3G to combine Heinz and Kraft and last year lost nearly $3bn on the deal. Yet dramatic as Kraft Heinz's decline may seem, 3G's impact and the food industry's problems extend far beyond it.
While its founders are Brazilian, 3G's buyout business is based in Manhattan.(Its most famous founder, Jorge Paulo Lemann, lives in Switzerland.) Unlike many big private-equity firms, 3G's main investors are not pension funds but family offs and individuals, including its partners. It does not he a wide portfolio, but backs just two companies: Kraft Heinz and Restaurant Brands International (RBI). Blackstone, a private-equity firm based a few blocks away, has nearly 2,5oo staff.3G's New York off has fewer than two dozen. Yet 3G's leaders he rocked the consumer industry like few investors in history.
All buyout firms are thirsty for deals, but 3G is uniquely parched. Before starting 3G, the firm's founders went on a beer-buying spree that culminated in 2o16 with Anheuser-Busch InBev's purchase of SAB Miller for more than $100bn. AB InBev, in which 3G's partners he a large stake, now brews more than one in four of the world's beers. Kraft Heinz counts Kraft cheese, Heinz Ketchup, Jell-0, Philadelphia Cream Cheese and Oscar Mayer among its holdings. RBI includes Burger King, Popeyes, a fried-chicken restaurant, and Tim Hortons, a popular Canadian chain.
The way 3G runs companies is as notable as its appetite for buying them. In a pract called zero-based budgeting, mars must justify their expenses anew each year. The idea is to expand margins continuously. Overseeing this are mars chosen for their talent and work ic, rather than mere experience. Daniel Schwartz, a 3G partner, became the chief executive of Burger King at 32. Mr Hees, a 3G partner who spent more than a decade working for a Latin American railroad, became Kraft Heinz's boss at 45. Did Knopf, its chief financial offr, assumed his ition in 2017 at 29.
To 3G's detractors, this all seems a bit mad. The company's strategy can be caricatured as follows: buy a big business, cut costs, repeat. This is not entirely fair. RBI has invested in marketing Burger King, winning prizes for its ads. AB InBev is working to boost its sales, for instance by pushing higher-prd beers and deploying best practs across its vast geography.
But buying big companies and slashing costs remain 3G's speciality. The risks of that strategy he become clear. RBI struggled to integrate franchisees at Tim Hortons. AB InBev last year said it would slash its dividend by half.
Nowhere has 3G's approach played out more tumultuously than at Kraft Heinz. America's food industry seemed the perfect target, with flabby companies and powerful brands. Rare is the American who has not slurped Kool-Aid or downed an Oscar Mayer hot dog othered in Heinz Ketchup.3G reckoned the brands were strong enough to withstand large cuts. As it turns out, they were not.
This was not the same for AB InBev, which despite abyal results in America, has little beer competition from in-store brands, is rarely sold online and faces ample growth abroad. Kraft Heinz's business, by comparison, is concentrated in America, where the food industry is being turned on its head. Its brands may be familiar, but that does not make them popular. Small firms are offering healthier options, taking aantage of cheap digital marketing and nimble contract manufacturers. The allest 20,000 packaged goods players account for about half the industry's growth, according to Nielsen, a research firm.
Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce and European discount grocers has put pressure on food retailers, which are in turn squeezing food companies. Stores led by Walmart are using extensive data to launch their own, increasingly sophisticated, low-cost private label goods, all the while pushing companies to lower their prs.
Things started well for Kraft Heinz. Its operating profit margin surged from 15% in 2014 to 24% in 2017. The first big setback came that year when Paul Polman, then Unilr's boss, rebuffed the company's $143bn courtship.(Unilr, wisely, has devoted growing attention not to food but to beauty and household products.) Without his megadeal, Mr Hees turned to the basic work of lifting sales by pouring more money into aertising, product innovation and Kraft Heinz's sales force, but that ate into profits.
Equally striking is the company's new $15bn impairment, a recognition that the value of giant brands has shrivelled. Mr Buffett says that he misjudged the worth of Kraft's stable of products. "The mament team entered into this merger with the assumption they could cut the spending needed to maintain brands, let alone them grow," says Robert Moskow of Credit Suisse, a bank. "The world changed on them-retailers changed and consumers changed."
Flawed though 3G's approach may seem, few food companies offer a successful alternative. Companies he tried to evolve by buying aller firms, often at lofty prs and with mixed results. For instance Campbell Soup bought Bolthouse Farms, a maker of fruity drinks, in 2o12, but is now trying to sell it. Last year it bought Snyder's-Lance, a pretzel and popcorn company, to boost its snacks business. Its debt ll has risen accordingly. Indeed, shopping sprees at Campbell, ConAgra and General Mills he made those companies more lred than Kraft Heinz, according to Sanford C Bernstein, a research firm.
Kraft Heinz now wants to shrink to grow: it plans divestments over the next 18 months to improve its balance sheet so it can make other, big deals. But the SEC's subpoena suggests that some internal processes might be unrelling as mars struggle to meet bold goals. The notion that big deals will se American food firms looks increasingly dubious. In 2014, before Heinz bought Kraft, the combined gross operating profits of the companies were about $6.5bn. Now, due in part to some problems beyond its control, Kraft Heinz expects its 2019 profits to be about the same.
卡夫亨氏《Kraft Heinz)本应在这个季度向美国规模巨大但陷入困境的食品公司展示一种通往成功的新模式。2015年,两家全球标志性的食品制造商合二为一。在私募股权公司G资本的支持下,新以令竞争对手战栗、令投资者狂喜的速度削减成本。2017年收购英荷巨头联合利华失败后,卡夫亨氏开始想办法证明自己不但会减肥,还能凭自身提高销焦额。公司老板贝尔纳多·希斯(Bernardo Hees)兴高采烈地搬出新产品作例证,包括亨氏的蛋黄番茄酱(Mayochup)和一种叫“打个蛋”(just Crack an Egg)的食品。去年11月他查布公司正走在遇往可持续、有盈利的增长“的道路上。遗憾的是,并没有。
上月21日,卡夫亨氏披露了150亿美元的巨额减记、削减超过30%的股息,以及美国证券交易委员会(SEC)调查其采购部门的事宜。财报电话会议通常让人昏昏欲题,这一次却是一场露梦。一些长期批评3G资本的人现在难掩得意之情。另一些人则担心,3G资本正在玷污像卡夫亨氏通心粉和巴菲特这样的美国瑰宝。之前正是巴非特与3G资本联手促成了亨氏和卡夫的合井,去年他因这笔交易亏损近30亿美元。不过,尽管卡夫亨氏的业绩下滑看起来很惊人,3G资本的影响和食品行业的问题却远不止于此。
3G资本的几位创始人都是巴西人,但收购业务的总部设在曼哈顿。(公司最知名的创始人豪尔赫·保罗·雷曼[Jorge Paulo Lemann]住在瑞士。)与许多大型私募股权公司不同,3G资本的主要投资者不是养老基金,而是家族办公空和个人,包括它的合伙人。它的投资组合并不广泛,只支持两家公司:卡夫亨氏和餐饮品牌公司(Restaurant Brands International,RBJ)。私募股权公司需石(Blackstone)的总卸离3G资本只有几个街区,有近0名员工,而3G资本纽约办事处的员工还不到24人。不过,3G贸本的却震憾了整个消费行业,极少有投资者曾做到这一点。
所有的投资收购公司都渴望达成交易,但3G资本在这方面的热望。在成立3G资本之前,该公司的创始人掀起了一场啤酒业收购狂湖,在2016年百威英博(Anheuser-Busch InBev)以逾1000亿美元收购SAB米勒(SAB Miller)时达到顶峰。如今,由G资本的合伙人大量持股的百威英博酿造了超过全球四分之一的啤酒。卡夫亨氏的产品包括卡夫奶酪、亨氏番茄、Jell-O果冻、菲力奶油奶酪和Oscar Mayer肉制品。RBI旗下有汉堡王、炸鸡店Popeyes和颇受欢迎的加拿大连锁店Tim Hortons。
3G资本运营所持有公司的方式和收购它们的劲头一样引人注目。它采用一种“零基预算法”的做法,们每年都要重新证明他们的支出是合理的。此举是为了持续扩大利润率。而监督这一作的管理层是因他们的才能和职业道德而不仅仅是经验被选定的。3G资本的合伙人之一丹尼尔·施瓦茨(Daniel Schwartz)出任汉堡王的首席执行官时才32岁。另一位合伙人希斯在一家拉美公司工作了十多年,45岁时成为卡夫亨氏的老板。首席财务官戴维·克诺夫(Did Knopf)2017年上任时才29岁。
对于3G资本的抨击者来说,这一切似乎有点疯狂。夸张一点说,该公司的战略就是:收购一家大企业,削减成本,然后再重复。但这么说并不完全公平。RBI在汉堡王的营销上投资,赢得了广告。百威英博正努力提振销售,比如推销价格更高的啤酒,并在公司广阔的版图上应用实践。
但收购大公司和削减成本仍是3G资本的专长。这种策略的风险已经变得很明显。整合Tim Hortons的加盟商让RBI不堪重负。百威英博去年表示将把股息削减一半。
3G资本的这套做法用在卡夫亨氏上时表现得最为混乱。美国的食品产业看起来是个完美的目标,因为该行业里企业臃肿但品牌强大。很少有美国人没喝过速溶饮料Kool-Aid,或是没吃过涂满亨氏番茄酱的Oscar Mayer热狗。3G资本认为这些品牌足够强大,能承受大幅成本削减。事实证明它们并不能。
百威英博的情况就不一样了。尽管在美国的业绩糟糕透顶,但百威英博几乎没有遇到过来自商店自有品牌啤酒的竞争,很少在网上销售,而且海外增长强劲。相比之下,卡夫亨氏的业务集中在美国,而美国的食品行业正在发生翻天覆地的变化。它的各个品牌可能为人熟知,但这并不能让它们大卖。小公司正利用便宜的数字营销和灵活的承包生产商带来的优势,提供给消费者更健康的选择。根据研究公司尼尔森的数据,规模最小的两万家包装食品公司占了整个行业增长的一半左右。
与此同时,电子商务和欧洲折扣杂货商的崛起给食品零售商带来了压力,它们继而又向食品公司施压。以沃尔玛为首的商店正在利用大量数据推出越来越精致且价格低廉的自有品牌商品,并始终在促使食品公司降价。
卡夫亨氏的开局不错。营业利润率从2014年的15%飙升至2017年的24%。2017年,卡夫亨氏遭遇了次重大挫折,时任联合利华老板的保罗.波尔曼(Paul Polman)拒绝了该公司1430亿美元的求购。(联合利华明智地将注意力越来越多地放在美容和家用品而非食品上。)巨额收购落空,希斯转而专注于提高销售额这项基础工作,将更多资金投在广告、产品创新和卡夫亨氏的销售队伍上,但这侵蚀了利润。
同样惹人注目的是该公司150亿美元的新一轮减记,这等于承认公司各大品牌价值缩水。巴菲特表示他错误地判断了卡夫众多产品的价值。“管理团队设想的是,合并之后他们可以削减品牌维护所必需的开支,更不用说帮助品牌成长了,”瑞信银行的罗伯特·莫斯可(Robert Moskow)说道,“世界在他们那里发生了变化——零售商变了,消费者也变了。”
3G资本的方法似乎存在缺陷,但极少有食品公司能拿出一个成功的替代方案。各大公司尝试通过收购规模较小的公司来自我进化,这些收购交易的价格往往很高,而收效不一。例如,金宝汤(Campbell Soup)于2012年收购了果汁饮料生产商Bolthouse Farms,但现在又想把它卖掉。去年它收购了一家椒盐脆饼和爆米花公司Snyder's-Lance,以扩大零食业务。它的债务水平也相应上升。研究公司盛博称,实际上,金宝汤、康尼格拉(ConAgra)和通用磨坊(General Mills)的疯狂收购使得这些公司的杠杆率比卡夫亨氏还高。
卡夫亨氏现在希望通过收缩规模来实现增长:它在未来18个月剥离资产以改善资产负债表,以便能实现其他大规模交易。但美国证交会的传票显示,由于管理层难以达到大胆的目标,一些内部流程可能正在瓦解。大型交易能拯救美国食品公司的想法看起来越来越不可靠了。2014年在亨氏收购卡夫之前,两家公司的总营业利润约为65亿美元。现在,一定程度上由于公司自身无法控制的一些问题,卡夫亨氏预计2019年的利润将与合并前大致相同。
用什么打造明日的儿童零食市场?
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
我觉得现在很多儿童的零食都是属于一些油炸的零食,可能就是用油打造明日的零食市场。
三季度赚两千亿,巴菲特到底是做的什么生意呢?
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
我觉得现在很多儿童的零食都是属于一些油炸的零食,可能就是用油打造明日的零食市场。
THIS WAS suped to be the quarter that Kraft Heinz showed America's huge, struggling food companies a new model for success. A merger in 2015 had joined two of the world's most iconic food makers. Backed by 3G Capital, a private-equity firm, the new group slashed costs at a pace that made shudder and investors swoon. After a failed bid in 2017 for Unilr, an Anglo-Dutch giant, Kraft Heinz set out to prove it could not just cut fat but boost sales on its own. Bernardo Hees, the company's boss, pointed cheerfully to new products, including Heinz Mayochup and soming called Just Crack an Egg. The company was on the path to "sustainable, profitable growth", he declared in November. Unfortunay, it wasn't.
On February 21st Kraft Heinz announced a staggering $15bn impairment, a dividend cut of more than 3o% and an inquiry into its procurement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Earnings calls are often sleepy affairs. This one was a nightmare. Some of 3G's long-time critics are now clucking with satisfaction. Others fear 3G is tarnishing American treasures such as Kraft Macaroni and Cheese and Warren Buffett, who partnered with 3G to combine Heinz and Kraft and last year lost nearly $3bn on the deal. Yet dramatic as Kraft Heinz's decline may seem, 3G's impact and the food industry's problems extend far beyond it.
While its founders are Brazilian, 3G's buyout business is based in Manhattan.(Its most famous founder, Jorge Paulo Lemann, lives in Switzerland.) Unlike many big private-equity firms, 3G's main investors are not pension funds but family offs and individuals, including its partners. It does not he a wide portfolio, but backs just two companies: Kraft Heinz and Restaurant Brands International (RBI). Blackstone, a private-equity firm based a few blocks away, has nearly 2,5oo staff.3G's New York off has fewer than two dozen. Yet 3G's leaders he rocked the consumer industry like few investors in history.
All buyout firms are thirsty for deals, but 3G is uniquely parched. Before starting 3G, the firm's founders went on a beer-buying spree that culminated in 2o16 with Anheuser-Busch InBev's purchase of SAB Miller for more than $100bn. AB InBev, in which 3G's partners he a large stake, now brews more than one in four of the world's beers. Kraft Heinz counts Kraft cheese, Heinz Ketchup, Jell-0, Philadelphia Cream Cheese and Oscar Mayer among its holdings. RBI includes Burger King, Popeyes, a fried-chicken restaurant, and Tim Hortons, a popular Canadian chain.
The way 3G runs companies is as notable as its appetite for buying them. In a pract called zero-based budgeting, mars must justify their expenses anew each year. The idea is to expand margins continuously. Overseeing this are mars chosen for their talent and work ic, rather than mere experience. Daniel Schwartz, a 3G partner, became the chief executive of Burger King at 32. Mr Hees, a 3G partner who spent more than a decade working for a Latin American railroad, became Kraft Heinz's boss at 45. Did Knopf, its chief financial offr, assumed his ition in 2017 at 29.
To 3G's detractors, this all seems a bit mad. The company's strategy can be caricatured as follows: buy a big business, cut costs, repeat. This is not entirely fair. RBI has invested in marketing Burger King, winning prizes for its ads. AB InBev is working to boost its sales, for instance by pushing higher-prd beers and deploying best practs across its vast geography.
But buying big companies and slashing costs remain 3G's speciality. The risks of that strategy he become clear. RBI struggled to integrate franchisees at Tim Hortons. AB InBev last year said it would slash its dividend by half.
Nowhere has 3G's approach played out more tumultuously than at Kraft Heinz. America's food industry seemed the perfect target, with flabby companies and powerful brands. Rare is the American who has not slurped Kool-Aid or downed an Oscar Mayer hot dog othered in Heinz Ketchup.3G reckoned the brands were strong enough to withstand large cuts. As it turns out, they were not.
This was not the same for AB InBev, which despite abyal results in America, has little beer competition from in-store brands, is rarely sold online and faces ample growth abroad. Kraft Heinz's business, by comparison, is concentrated in America, where the food industry is being turned on its head. Its brands may be familiar, but that does not make them popular. Small firms are offering healthier options, taking aantage of cheap digital marketing and nimble contract manufacturers. The allest 20,000 packaged goods players account for about half the industry's growth, according to Nielsen, a research firm.
Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce and European discount grocers has put pressure on food retailers, which are in turn squeezing food companies. Stores led by Walmart are using extensive data to launch their own, increasingly sophisticated, low-cost private label goods, all the while pushing companies to lower their prs.
Things started well for Kraft Heinz. Its operating profit margin surged from 15% in 2014 to 24% in 2017. The first big setback came that year when Paul Polman, then Unilr's boss, rebuffed the company's $143bn courtship.(Unilr, wisely, has devoted growing attention not to food but to beauty and household products.) Without his megadeal, Mr Hees turned to the basic work of lifting sales by pouring more money into aertising, product innovation and Kraft Heinz's sales force, but that ate into profits.
Equally striking is the company's new $15bn impairment, a recognition that the value of giant brands has shrivelled. Mr Buffett says that he misjudged the worth of Kraft's stable of products. "The mament team entered into this merger with the assumption they could cut the spending needed to maintain brands, let alone them grow," says Robert Moskow of Credit Suisse, a bank. "The world changed on them-retailers changed and consumers changed."
Flawed though 3G's approach may seem, few food companies offer a successful alternative. Companies he tried to evolve by buying aller firms, often at lofty prs and with mixed results. For instance Campbell Soup bought Bolthouse Farms, a maker of fruity drinks, in 2o12, but is now trying to sell it. Last year it bought Snyder's-Lance, a pretzel and popcorn company, to boost its snacks business. Its debt ll has risen accordingly. Indeed, shopping sprees at Campbell, ConAgra and General Mills he made those companies more lred than Kraft Heinz, according to Sanford C Bernstein, a research firm.
Kraft Heinz now wants to shrink to grow: it plans divestments over the next 18 months to improve its balance sheet so it can make other, big deals. But the SEC's subpoena suggests that some internal processes might be unrelling as mars struggle to meet bold goals. The notion that big deals will se American food firms looks increasingly dubious. In 2014, before Heinz bought Kraft, the combined gross operating profits of the companies were about $6.5bn. Now, due in part to some problems beyond its control, Kraft Heinz expects its 2019 profits to be about the same.
卡夫亨氏《Kraft Heinz)本应在这个季度向美国规模巨大但陷入困境的食品公司展示一种通往成功的新模式。2015年,两家全球标志性的食品制造商合二为一。在私募股权公司G资本的支持下,新以令竞争对手战栗、令投资者狂喜的速度削减成本。2017年收购英荷巨头联合利华失败后,卡夫亨氏开始想办法证明自己不但会减肥,还能凭自身提高销焦额。公司老板贝尔纳多·希斯(Bernardo Hees)兴高采烈地搬出新产品作例证,包括亨氏的蛋黄番茄酱(Mayochup)和一种叫“打个蛋”(just Crack an Egg)的食品。去年11月他查布公司正走在遇往可持续、有盈利的增长“的道路上。遗憾的是,并没有。
上月21日,卡夫亨氏披露了150亿美元的巨额减记、削减超过30%的股息,以及美国证券交易委员会(SEC)调查其采购部门的事宜。财报电话会议通常让人昏昏欲题,这一次却是一场露梦。一些长期批评3G资本的人现在难掩得意之情。另一些人则担心,3G资本正在玷污像卡夫亨氏通心粉和巴菲特这样的美国瑰宝。之前正是巴非特与3G资本联手促成了亨氏和卡夫的合井,去年他因这笔交易亏损近30亿美元。不过,尽管卡夫亨氏的业绩下滑看起来很惊人,3G资本的影响和食品行业的问题却远不止于此。
3G资本的几位创始人都是巴西人,但收购业务的总部设在曼哈顿。(公司最知名的创始人豪尔赫·保罗·雷曼[Jorge Paulo Lemann]住在瑞士。)与许多大型私募股权公司不同,3G资本的主要投资者不是养老基金,而是家族办公空和个人,包括它的合伙人。它的投资组合并不广泛,只支持两家公司:卡夫亨氏和餐饮品牌公司(Restaurant Brands International,RBJ)。私募股权公司需石(Blackstone)的总卸离3G资本只有几个街区,有近0名员工,而3G资本纽约办事处的员工还不到24人。不过,3G贸本的却震憾了整个消费行业,极少有投资者曾做到这一点。
所有的投资收购公司都渴望达成交易,但3G资本在这方面的热望。在成立3G资本之前,该公司的创始人掀起了一场啤酒业收购狂湖,在2016年百威英博(Anheuser-Busch InBev)以逾1000亿美元收购SAB米勒(SAB Miller)时达到顶峰。如今,由G资本的合伙人大量持股的百威英博酿造了超过全球四分之一的啤酒。卡夫亨氏的产品包括卡夫奶酪、亨氏番茄、Jell-O果冻、菲力奶油奶酪和Oscar Mayer肉制品。RBI旗下有汉堡王、炸鸡店Popeyes和颇受欢迎的加拿大连锁店Tim Hortons。
3G资本运营所持有公司的方式和收购它们的劲头一样引人注目。它采用一种“零基预算法”的做法,们每年都要重新证明他们的支出是合理的。此举是为了持续扩大利润率。而监督这一作的管理层是因他们的才能和职业道德而不仅仅是经验被选定的。3G资本的合伙人之一丹尼尔·施瓦茨(Daniel Schwartz)出任汉堡王的首席执行官时才32岁。另一位合伙人希斯在一家拉美公司工作了十多年,45岁时成为卡夫亨氏的老板。首席财务官戴维·克诺夫(Did Knopf)2017年上任时才29岁。
对于3G资本的抨击者来说,这一切似乎有点疯狂。夸张一点说,该公司的战略就是:收购一家大企业,削减成本,然后再重复。但这么说并不完全公平。RBI在汉堡王的营销上投资,赢得了广告。百威英博正努力提振销售,比如推销价格更高的啤酒,并在公司广阔的版图上应用实践。
但收购大公司和削减成本仍是3G资本的专长。这种策略的风险已经变得很明显。整合Tim Hortons的加盟商让RBI不堪重负。百威英博去年表示将把股息削减一半。
3G资本的这套做法用在卡夫亨氏上时表现得最为混乱。美国的食品产业看起来是个完美的目标,因为该行业里企业臃肿但品牌强大。很少有美国人没喝过速溶饮料Kool-Aid,或是没吃过涂满亨氏番茄酱的Oscar Mayer热狗。3G资本认为这些品牌足够强大,能承受大幅成本削减。事实证明它们并不能。
百威英博的情况就不一样了。尽管在美国的业绩糟糕透顶,但百威英博几乎没有遇到过来自商店自有品牌啤酒的竞争,很少在网上销售,而且海外增长强劲。相比之下,卡夫亨氏的业务集中在美国,而美国的食品行业正在发生翻天覆地的变化。它的各个品牌可能为人熟知,但这并不能让它们大卖。小公司正利用便宜的数字营销和灵活的承包生产商带来的优势,提供给消费者更健康的选择。根据研究公司尼尔森的数据,规模最小的两万家包装食品公司占了整个行业增长的一半左右。
与此同时,电子商务和欧洲折扣杂货商的崛起给食品零售商带来了压力,它们继而又向食品公司施压。以沃尔玛为首的商店正在利用大量数据推出越来越精致且价格低廉的自有品牌商品,并始终在促使食品公司降价。
卡夫亨氏的开局不错。营业利润率从2014年的15%飙升至2017年的24%。2017年,卡夫亨氏遭遇了次重大挫折,时任联合利华老板的保罗.波尔曼(Paul Polman)拒绝了该公司1430亿美元的求购。(联合利华明智地将注意力越来越多地放在美容和家用品而非食品上。)巨额收购落空,希斯转而专注于提高销售额这项基础工作,将更多资金投在广告、产品创新和卡夫亨氏的销售队伍上,但这侵蚀了利润。
同样惹人注目的是该公司150亿美元的新一轮减记,这等于承认公司各大品牌价值缩水。巴菲特表示他错误地判断了卡夫众多产品的价值。“管理团队设想的是,合并之后他们可以削减品牌维护所必需的开支,更不用说帮助品牌成长了,”瑞信银行的罗伯特·莫斯可(Robert Moskow)说道,“世界在他们那里发生了变化——零售商变了,消费者也变了。”
3G资本的方法似乎存在缺陷,但极少有食品公司能拿出一个成功的替代方案。各大公司尝试通过收购规模较小的公司来自我进化,这些收购交易的价格往往很高,而收效不一。例如,金宝汤(Campbell Soup)于2012年收购了果汁饮料生产商Bolthouse Farms,但现在又想把它卖掉。去年它收购了一家椒盐脆饼和爆米花公司Snyder's-Lance,以扩大零食业务。它的债务水平也相应上升。研究公司盛博称,实际上,金宝汤、康尼格拉(ConAgra)和通用磨坊(General Mills)的疯狂收购使得这些公司的杠杆率比卡夫亨氏还高。
卡夫亨氏现在希望通过收缩规模来实现增长:它在未来18个月剥离资产以改善资产负债表,以便能实现其他大规模交易。但美国证交会的传票显示,由于管理层难以达到大胆的目标,一些内部流程可能正在瓦解。大型交易能拯救美国食品公司的想法看起来越来越不可靠了。2014年在亨氏收购卡夫之前,两家公司的总营业利润约为65亿美元。现在,一定程度上由于公司自身无法控制的一些问题,卡夫亨氏预计2019年的利润将与合并前大致相同。
8月6日,由欧盟、德国联邦经济合作与发展部支持的“塑料再思考——循环经济应对海洋”项目试点之一“快递业塑料包装减量及循环利用”正式召开线上启动会。京东物流参与这一项目并在海口试点投放了万余循环包装箱,同时也首次试点循环快递袋, 探索 逐步减少使用一次性PE塑料包装袋。
去年11月15日,京东物流对外公布碳目标:与2019年相比,到2030年碳排放总量减少50%。 早在2017年,京东物流携手宝洁、雀巢、惠氏、乐高、金佰利、农夫山泉、联合利华、屈臣氏、伊利等商家共同发起青流,以推动供应链“端到端”的绿色化、环保化, 探索 在包装、仓储、运输等多个环节实现低碳环保、节能降耗。
日前在海口投放循环快递袋,并非京东物流在循环包装上的首次尝试。2017年12月,京东物流首发试点循环快递箱——青流箱。段艳健介绍,青流箱由可复用材料制成,箱体正常情况下可以循环使用50次以上,破损后还可以回收再生。同时,青流箱无需胶带封包,在循环使用的同时可做到不产生任何一次性包装,并配合自行研发的循环包装管理系统,借助码和RFID管理技术,实现循环包装全流程。 目前,青流箱在、上海、广州、杭州、成都、西安、沈阳、武汉等30余个城市进行常态化使用,已累计使用1600余万次。
此外,在京东生鲜业务中已全面推行使用可折叠保温周转箱,代替一次性泡沫箱,通过京东逆向物流返回仓库循环使用。京东循环冷链箱使用寿命超过1.5年,平均单箱使用次数达130次,历年累计使用次数达1.8亿次,有效减少了一次性泡沫箱和冰袋、干冰的使用。 目前已累计减少一次性泡沫箱1.8亿个,减少一次性冰袋6亿个,减少干冰0.5亿千克,累计减排量达30多万吨。
据介绍,京东物流还发挥自身在供应链方面的优势,与上游企业合作共同在包装减量循环上下功夫。一方面,使用原发包装,即商品包装在物流运输过程中具备防护商品功能,且满足外界物流环境,无需二次包装实现直接发货。京东物流通过入仓优惠政策激励上游品牌商企业推行直发包装,宝洁、联合利华等品牌商上千个商品SKU已实现出厂原包装可直发, 截至目前已减少物流纸箱使用1.5亿个以上。段艳健指出,这一措施共减少纸张使用约12.5万吨,相当于减少碳排放4.4 105吨。
另一方面,使用简约包装,即通过简化或去除品牌商纸箱版面logo,提升商家纸箱在下游物流企业中的重复利用率,降低供应链一次性包装的使用。目前宝洁、联合利华、强生、欧莱雅等50余家企业落地推广简约包装,已减少使用一次性纸箱1亿个以上。
京东物流方面提供的数据显示: 截至2020年12月31日,京东循环中转袋平均使用率已经超过98%;通过将胶带将宽度由53mm“瘦身”至45mm,2020年全年京东胶带瘦身行动减少胶带使用4亿米;通过仓内无纸化作业以及电子面单,2020年全年减少纸张消耗1.3万吨。
2016年,京东与东港股份联合打造了“京东包装实验室”,致力于绿色物流包装产品的研发和使用。该实验室是国内基于电商物流包装领域的实验研发机构。2018年4月,包装实验室升级为“电商物流联合包装创新中心”,京东物流与灰度环保等行业上下游伙伴共同研发绿色包装应用技术,从消费需求及供应链革新的角度切入, 探索 绿色包装生态。
到2019年8月,京东物流与包装科研测试中心、宝洁、强生、卡夫亨氏、联合利华、蒙牛、安姆科等多家机构、企业签署合作,发起成立电商物流行业包装标准联盟,联合探讨电商行业包装标准的制定、应用和推广。该标准基于京东物流全链路运输环境,详细记录了同城、跨城、跨区运输,陆运、航空、等场景下数万个的物流数据,研究货物损坏因素并形成包装测试标准。据了解,目前该标准已经完成一期工作,可为供应链上下游的企业提供重要依据,包括为品牌商源头包装设计提供电商物流真实模拟环境,降低包装实验室测试错率;为电商企业制定商品包装标准提供依据;为物流企业包装增值服务提供依据,避免出现包装不足造成货物破损;为包装企业提供运输包装解决方案时提供参考,满足市场需求。
在黑 科技 的发力上,京东物流一直处于国内梯队,绿色包装方面的黑 科技 近年也多有突破。2019年初,京东物流启用全链路智能包装系统——“精卫”,主要包括磁悬浮打包机、气泡膜打包机、枕式打包机、对折膜打包机等18种智能设备,实现了针对气泡膜、对折膜、纸箱等各种包装材料的统筹规划和合理使用,形成了软硬件一体化的智能打包系统的解决方案。据介绍,通过“精卫”进行的耗材准确率在96.5%以上,显著实现了包装材料的降本增效。
在物流过程中,货车所产生的碳排放一直是物流企业的碳排放来源。但受限于目前电池续航、充电桩不完善等问题,尚未能实现全域的新能源车普及。尽管如此,京东物流在能力范围内积极推广应用新能源车。
在仓储设施方面,京东物流大力推行光伏发电。早在2017年,京东物流就率先在上海“一号”智能物流园区布局屋顶分布式光伏发电系统,并在2018年正式并网发电。目前,光伏发电已覆盖其园区内包括仓内照明、自动分拣、自动打包、自动拣货等多场景作业的用电需求,同时率先进行分布式光伏电站与 汽车 行业资源整合, 探索 “ 汽车 +车棚+充电桩+光伏”项目试点,为光伏发电在物流领域的广泛推广应用打造了新样板。
“青岛、合肥、杭州、西安、天津、六地的京东物流‘一号’智能物流园区也陆续完成光伏发电并网,到2021年底光伏电站装机总量将达到200兆瓦,实现年发电量1.6亿度以上。”段艳健提供了这样一组数据:这相当于5万户家庭一年的用电量。经测算,“一号”光伏发电平均每分钟可减少碳排放40公斤,智能设备通过“黑灯作业”省电2283度,雨水收集系统灌溉120平米绿地。
“未来,京东物流将继续以‘青流’为依托,秉承绿色可持续发展理念,主动担起 。”段艳健承诺京东物流将携手更多伙伴一起,为早日实现碳达峰、碳中和目标贡献京东力量。 (本文刊载于《物流与采购》杂志2021年第17期封面)
三季度赚两千亿,巴菲特到底是做的什么生意呢?
1、买股票的心态不要急,不要只想买到价,这是不现实的。真正拉升的股票你就是高点价买入也是不错的,所以买股票宁可错过,不可过错,不能盲目买卖股票,买对个股盘面熟悉的股票。
2、你若不熟悉,可先模拟买卖,熟悉股性,是先跟一两天,熟悉作手法,你才能掌握好的买入点。
3、重视必要的技术分析,关注成交量的变化及盘面语言(盘面买卖单的情况)。
4、尽量选择热点及合适的买入点,做到当天买入后股价能上涨脱离成本区。
三人和:买入的多,人气旺,股价涨,反之就跌。这时需要的是个人的看盘能力了,能否及时的发现热点。这是短线成败的关键。股市里作短线要的是心狠手快,心态要稳,能正确的买入后股价上涨脱离成本,但一旦判断错误,碰到调整下跌就要及时的卖出止损,可参考前贴:胜在止损,这里就不重复了。
四卖股票的技巧:股票不可能是一直上涨的,涨到一定程度就会有调整,那短线作就要及时卖出了,一般说来股票赚钱时,随时卖都是对的。也不要想卖到价,但为了利益话,在股票卖出上还是有技巧的,我就本人的经验介绍一下(不一定是的):
1、已有一定大的涨幅,而股票又是放量在快速拉升到涨停板而没有封涨停的股票可考虑卖出,特别是留有长上影线的。
2、60分钟或日线中放巨量滞涨或带长上影线的股票,一般第二天没继续放量上冲,很容易形成短期顶部,可考虑卖出了。
3、可看分时图的15或30分钟图,如5均线交叉10日均线向下,走势感觉较弱时要及时卖出,这种走势往往就是股票调整的开始,很有参考价值。
4、对于买错的股票一定要及时止损,止损位越高越好,这是一个长期实战演练累积的过程,看错了就要买单,没什么可等的。
京东物流:将青流进行到底
卖。全球第食品公司卡夫亨氏宣布旗下十亿美金品牌之一美国绅士坚果正式登陆,并可在电商渠道率先抢购。
我觉得现在很多儿童的零食都是属于一些油炸的零食,可能就是用油打造明日的零食市场。
THIS WAS suped to be the quarter that Kraft Heinz showed America's huge, struggling food companies a new model for success. A merger in 2015 had joined two of the world's most iconic food makers. Backed by 3G Capital, a private-equity firm, the new group slashed costs at a pace that made shudder and investors swoon. After a failed bid in 2017 for Unilr, an Anglo-Dutch giant, Kraft Heinz set out to prove it could not just cut fat but boost sales on its own. Bernardo Hees, the company's boss, pointed cheerfully to new products, including Heinz Mayochup and soming called Just Crack an Egg. The company was on the path to "sustainable, profitable growth", he declared in November. Unfortunay, it wasn't.
On February 21st Kraft Heinz announced a staggering $15bn impairment, a dividend cut of more than 3o% and an inquiry into its procurement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Earnings calls are often sleepy affairs. This one was a nightmare. Some of 3G's long-time critics are now clucking with satisfaction. Others fear 3G is tarnishing American treasures such as Kraft Macaroni and Cheese and Warren Buffett, who partnered with 3G to combine Heinz and Kraft and last year lost nearly $3bn on the deal. Yet dramatic as Kraft Heinz's decline may seem, 3G's impact and the food industry's problems extend far beyond it.
While its founders are Brazilian, 3G's buyout business is based in Manhattan.(Its most famous founder, Jorge Paulo Lemann, lives in Switzerland.) Unlike many big private-equity firms, 3G's main investors are not pension funds but family offs and individuals, including its partners. It does not he a wide portfolio, but backs just two companies: Kraft Heinz and Restaurant Brands International (RBI). Blackstone, a private-equity firm based a few blocks away, has nearly 2,5oo staff.3G's New York off has fewer than two dozen. Yet 3G's leaders he rocked the consumer industry like few investors in history.
All buyout firms are thirsty for deals, but 3G is uniquely parched. Before starting 3G, the firm's founders went on a beer-buying spree that culminated in 2o16 with Anheuser-Busch InBev's purchase of SAB Miller for more than $100bn. AB InBev, in which 3G's partners he a large stake, now brews more than one in four of the world's beers. Kraft Heinz counts Kraft cheese, Heinz Ketchup, Jell-0, Philadelphia Cream Cheese and Oscar Mayer among its holdings. RBI includes Burger King, Popeyes, a fried-chicken restaurant, and Tim Hortons, a popular Canadian chain.
The way 3G runs companies is as notable as its appetite for buying them. In a pract called zero-based budgeting, mars must justify their expenses anew each year. The idea is to expand margins continuously. Overseeing this are mars chosen for their talent and work ic, rather than mere experience. Daniel Schwartz, a 3G partner, became the chief executive of Burger King at 32. Mr Hees, a 3G partner who spent more than a decade working for a Latin American railroad, became Kraft Heinz's boss at 45. Did Knopf, its chief financial offr, assumed his ition in 2017 at 29.
To 3G's detractors, this all seems a bit mad. The company's strategy can be caricatured as follows: buy a big business, cut costs, repeat. This is not entirely fair. RBI has invested in marketing Burger King, winning prizes for its ads. AB InBev is working to boost its sales, for instance by pushing higher-prd beers and deploying best practs across its vast geography.
But buying big companies and slashing costs remain 3G's speciality. The risks of that strategy he become clear. RBI struggled to integrate franchisees at Tim Hortons. AB InBev last year said it would slash its dividend by half.
Nowhere has 3G's approach played out more tumultuously than at Kraft Heinz. America's food industry seemed the perfect target, with flabby companies and powerful brands. Rare is the American who has not slurped Kool-Aid or downed an Oscar Mayer hot dog othered in Heinz Ketchup.3G reckoned the brands were strong enough to withstand large cuts. As it turns out, they were not.
This was not the same for AB InBev, which despite abyal results in America, has little beer competition from in-store brands, is rarely sold online and faces ample growth abroad. Kraft Heinz's business, by comparison, is concentrated in America, where the food industry is being turned on its head. Its brands may be familiar, but that does not make them popular. Small firms are offering healthier options, taking aantage of cheap digital marketing and nimble contract manufacturers. The allest 20,000 packaged goods players account for about half the industry's growth, according to Nielsen, a research firm.
Meanwhile, the rise of e-commerce and European discount grocers has put pressure on food retailers, which are in turn squeezing food companies. Stores led by Walmart are using extensive data to launch their own, increasingly sophisticated, low-cost private label goods, all the while pushing companies to lower their prs.
Things started well for Kraft Heinz. Its operating profit margin surged from 15% in 2014 to 24% in 2017. The first big setback came that year when Paul Polman, then Unilr's boss, rebuffed the company's $143bn courtship.(Unilr, wisely, has devoted growing attention not to food but to beauty and household products.) Without his megadeal, Mr Hees turned to the basic work of lifting sales by pouring more money into aertising, product innovation and Kraft Heinz's sales force, but that ate into profits.
Equally striking is the company's new $15bn impairment, a recognition that the value of giant brands has shrivelled. Mr Buffett says that he misjudged the worth of Kraft's stable of products. "The mament team entered into this merger with the assumption they could cut the spending needed to maintain brands, let alone them grow," says Robert Moskow of Credit Suisse, a bank. "The world changed on them-retailers changed and consumers changed."
Flawed though 3G's approach may seem, few food companies offer a successful alternative. Companies he tried to evolve by buying aller firms, often at lofty prs and with mixed results. For instance Campbell Soup bought Bolthouse Farms, a maker of fruity drinks, in 2o12, but is now trying to sell it. Last year it bought Snyder's-Lance, a pretzel and popcorn company, to boost its snacks business. Its debt ll has risen accordingly. Indeed, shopping sprees at Campbell, ConAgra and General Mills he made those companies more lred than Kraft Heinz, according to Sanford C Bernstein, a research firm.
Kraft Heinz now wants to shrink to grow: it plans divestments over the next 18 months to improve its balance sheet so it can make other, big deals. But the SEC's subpoena suggests that some internal processes might be unrelling as mars struggle to meet bold goals. The notion that big deals will se American food firms looks increasingly dubious. In 2014, before Heinz bought Kraft, the combined gross operating profits of the companies were about $6.5bn. Now, due in part to some problems beyond its control, Kraft Heinz expects its 2019 profits to be about the same.
卡夫亨氏《Kraft Heinz)本应在这个季度向美国规模巨大但陷入困境的食品公司展示一种通往成功的新模式。2015年,两家全球标志性的食品制造商合二为一。在私募股权公司G资本的支持下,新以令竞争对手战栗、令投资者狂喜的速度削减成本。2017年收购英荷巨头联合利华失败后,卡夫亨氏开始想办法证明自己不但会减肥,还能凭自身提高销焦额。公司老板贝尔纳多·希斯(Bernardo Hees)兴高采烈地搬出新产品作例证,包括亨氏的蛋黄番茄酱(Mayochup)和一种叫“打个蛋”(just Crack an Egg)的食品。去年11月他查布公司正走在遇往可持续、有盈利的增长“的道路上。遗憾的是,并没有。
上月21日,卡夫亨氏披露了150亿美元的巨额减记、削减超过30%的股息,以及美国证券交易委员会(SEC)调查其采购部门的事宜。财报电话会议通常让人昏昏欲题,这一次却是一场露梦。一些长期批评3G资本的人现在难掩得意之情。另一些人则担心,3G资本正在玷污像卡夫亨氏通心粉和巴菲特这样的美国瑰宝。之前正是巴非特与3G资本联手促成了亨氏和卡夫的合井,去年他因这笔交易亏损近30亿美元。不过,尽管卡夫亨氏的业绩下滑看起来很惊人,3G资本的影响和食品行业的问题却远不止于此。
3G资本的几位创始人都是巴西人,但收购业务的总部设在曼哈顿。(公司最知名的创始人豪尔赫·保罗·雷曼[Jorge Paulo Lemann]住在瑞士。)与许多大型私募股权公司不同,3G资本的主要投资者不是养老基金,而是家族办公空和个人,包括它的合伙人。它的投资组合并不广泛,只支持两家公司:卡夫亨氏和餐饮品牌公司(Restaurant Brands International,RBJ)。私募股权公司需石(Blackstone)的总卸离3G资本只有几个街区,有近0名员工,而3G资本纽约办事处的员工还不到24人。不过,3G贸本的却震憾了整个消费行业,极少有投资者曾做到这一点。
所有的投资收购公司都渴望达成交易,但3G资本在这方面的热望。在成立3G资本之前,该公司的创始人掀起了一场啤酒业收购狂湖,在2016年百威英博(Anheuser-Busch InBev)以逾1000亿美元收购SAB米勒(SAB Miller)时达到顶峰。如今,由G资本的合伙人大量持股的百威英博酿造了超过全球四分之一的啤酒。卡夫亨氏的产品包括卡夫奶酪、亨氏番茄、Jell-O果冻、菲力奶油奶酪和Oscar Mayer肉制品。RBI旗下有汉堡王、炸鸡店Popeyes和颇受欢迎的加拿大连锁店Tim Hortons。
3G资本运营所持有公司的方式和收购它们的劲头一样引人注目。它采用一种“零基预算法”的做法,们每年都要重新证明他们的支出是合理的。此举是为了持续扩大利润率。而监督这一作的管理层是因他们的才能和职业道德而不仅仅是经验被选定的。3G资本的合伙人之一丹尼尔·施瓦茨(Daniel Schwartz)出任汉堡王的首席执行官时才32岁。另一位合伙人希斯在一家拉美公司工作了十多年,45岁时成为卡夫亨氏的老板。首席财务官戴维·克诺夫(Did Knopf)2017年上任时才29岁。
对于3G资本的抨击者来说,这一切似乎有点疯狂。夸张一点说,该公司的战略就是:收购一家大企业,削减成本,然后再重复。但这么说并不完全公平。RBI在汉堡王的营销上投资,赢得了广告。百威英博正努力提振销售,比如推销价格更高的啤酒,并在公司广阔的版图上应用实践。
但收购大公司和削减成本仍是3G资本的专长。这种策略的风险已经变得很明显。整合Tim Hortons的加盟商让RBI不堪重负。百威英博去年表示将把股息削减一半。
3G资本的这套做法用在卡夫亨氏上时表现得最为混乱。美国的食品产业看起来是个完美的目标,因为该行业里企业臃肿但品牌强大。很少有美国人没喝过速溶饮料Kool-Aid,或是没吃过涂满亨氏番茄酱的Oscar Mayer热狗。3G资本认为这些品牌足够强大,能承受大幅成本削减。事实证明它们并不能。
百威英博的情况就不一样了。尽管在美国的业绩糟糕透顶,但百威英博几乎没有遇到过来自商店自有品牌啤酒的竞争,很少在网上销售,而且海外增长强劲。相比之下,卡夫亨氏的业务集中在美国,而美国的食品行业正在发生翻天覆地的变化。它的各个品牌可能为人熟知,但这并不能让它们大卖。小公司正利用便宜的数字营销和灵活的承包生产商带来的优势,提供给消费者更健康的选择。根据研究公司尼尔森的数据,规模最小的两万家包装食品公司占了整个行业增长的一半左右。
与此同时,电子商务和欧洲折扣杂货商的崛起给食品零售商带来了压力,它们继而又向食品公司施压。以沃尔玛为首的商店正在利用大量数据推出越来越精致且价格低廉的自有品牌商品,并始终在促使食品公司降价。
卡夫亨氏的开局不错。营业利润率从2014年的15%飙升至2017年的24%。2017年,卡夫亨氏遭遇了次重大挫折,时任联合利华老板的保罗.波尔曼(Paul Polman)拒绝了该公司1430亿美元的求购。(联合利华明智地将注意力越来越多地放在美容和家用品而非食品上。)巨额收购落空,希斯转而专注于提高销售额这项基础工作,将更多资金投在广告、产品创新和卡夫亨氏的销售队伍上,但这侵蚀了利润。
同样惹人注目的是该公司150亿美元的新一轮减记,这等于承认公司各大品牌价值缩水。巴菲特表示他错误地判断了卡夫众多产品的价值。“管理团队设想的是,合并之后他们可以削减品牌维护所必需的开支,更不用说帮助品牌成长了,”瑞信银行的罗伯特·莫斯可(Robert Moskow)说道,“世界在他们那里发生了变化——零售商变了,消费者也变了。”
3G资本的方法似乎存在缺陷,但极少有食品公司能拿出一个成功的替代方案。各大公司尝试通过收购规模较小的公司来自我进化,这些收购交易的价格往往很高,而收效不一。例如,金宝汤(Campbell Soup)于2012年收购了果汁饮料生产商Bolthouse Farms,但现在又想把它卖掉。去年它收购了一家椒盐脆饼和爆米花公司Snyder's-Lance,以扩大零食业务。它的债务水平也相应上升。研究公司盛博称,实际上,金宝汤、康尼格拉(ConAgra)和通用磨坊(General Mills)的疯狂收购使得这些公司的杠杆率比卡夫亨氏还高。
卡夫亨氏现在希望通过收缩规模来实现增长:它在未来18个月剥离资产以改善资产负债表,以便能实现其他大规模交易。但美国证交会的传票显示,由于管理层难以达到大胆的目标,一些内部流程可能正在瓦解。大型交易能拯救美国食品公司的想法看起来越来越不可靠了。2014年在亨氏收购卡夫之前,两家公司的总营业利润约为65亿美元。现在,一定程度上由于公司自身无法控制的一些问题,卡夫亨氏预计2019年的利润将与合并前大致相同。
8月6日,由欧盟、德国联邦经济合作与发展部支持的“塑料再思考——循环经济应对海洋”项目试点之一“快递业塑料包装减量及循环利用”正式召开线上启动会。京东物流参与这一项目并在海口试点投放了万余循环包装箱,同时也首次试点循环快递袋, 探索 逐步减少使用一次性PE塑料包装袋。
去年11月15日,京东物流对外公布碳目标:与2019年相比,到2030年碳排放总量减少50%。 早在2017年,京东物流携手宝洁、雀巢、惠氏、乐高、金佰利、农夫山泉、联合利华、屈臣氏、伊利等商家共同发起青流,以推动供应链“端到端”的绿色化、环保化, 探索 在包装、仓储、运输等多个环节实现低碳环保、节能降耗。
日前在海口投放循环快递袋,并非京东物流在循环包装上的首次尝试。2017年12月,京东物流首发试点循环快递箱——青流箱。段艳健介绍,青流箱由可复用材料制成,箱体正常情况下可以循环使用50次以上,破损后还可以回收再生。同时,青流箱无需胶带封包,在循环使用的同时可做到不产生任何一次性包装,并配合自行研发的循环包装管理系统,借助码和RFID管理技术,实现循环包装全流程。 目前,青流箱在、上海、广州、杭州、成都、西安、沈阳、武汉等30余个城市进行常态化使用,已累计使用1600余万次。
此外,在京东生鲜业务中已全面推行使用可折叠保温周转箱,代替一次性泡沫箱,通过京东逆向物流返回仓库循环使用。京东循环冷链箱使用寿命超过1.5年,平均单箱使用次数达130次,历年累计使用次数达1.8亿次,有效减少了一次性泡沫箱和冰袋、干冰的使用。 目前已累计减少一次性泡沫箱1.8亿个,减少一次性冰袋6亿个,减少干冰0.5亿千克,累计减排量达30多万吨。
据介绍,京东物流还发挥自身在供应链方面的优势,与上游企业合作共同在包装减量循环上下功夫。一方面,使用原发包装,即商品包装在物流运输过程中具备防护商品功能,且满足外界物流环境,无需二次包装实现直接发货。京东物流通过入仓优惠政策激励上游品牌商企业推行直发包装,宝洁、联合利华等品牌商上千个商品SKU已实现出厂原包装可直发, 截至目前已减少物流纸箱使用1.5亿个以上。段艳健指出,这一措施共减少纸张使用约12.5万吨,相当于减少碳排放4.4 105吨。
另一方面,使用简约包装,即通过简化或去除品牌商纸箱版面logo,提升商家纸箱在下游物流企业中的重复利用率,降低供应链一次性包装的使用。目前宝洁、联合利华、强生、欧莱雅等50余家企业落地推广简约包装,已减少使用一次性纸箱1亿个以上。
京东物流方面提供的数据显示: 截至2020年12月31日,京东循环中转袋平均使用率已经超过98%;通过将胶带将宽度由53mm“瘦身”至45mm,2020年全年京东胶带瘦身行动减少胶带使用4亿米;通过仓内无纸化作业以及电子面单,2020年全年减少纸张消耗1.3万吨。
2016年,京东与东港股份联合打造了“京东包装实验室”,致力于绿色物流包装产品的研发和使用。该实验室是国内基于电商物流包装领域的实验研发机构。2018年4月,包装实验室升级为“电商物流联合包装创新中心”,京东物流与灰度环保等行业上下游伙伴共同研发绿色包装应用技术,从消费需求及供应链革新的角度切入, 探索 绿色包装生态。
到2019年8月,京东物流与包装科研测试中心、宝洁、强生、卡夫亨氏、联合利华、蒙牛、安姆科等多家机构、企业签署合作,发起成立电商物流行业包装标准联盟,联合探讨电商行业包装标准的制定、应用和推广。该标准基于京东物流全链路运输环境,详细记录了同城、跨城、跨区运输,陆运、航空、等场景下数万个的物流数据,研究货物损坏因素并形成包装测试标准。据了解,目前该标准已经完成一期工作,可为供应链上下游的企业提供重要依据,包括为品牌商源头包装设计提供电商物流真实模拟环境,降低包装实验室测试错率;为电商企业制定商品包装标准提供依据;为物流企业包装增值服务提供依据,避免出现包装不足造成货物破损;为包装企业提供运输包装解决方案时提供参考,满足市场需求。
在黑 科技 的发力上,京东物流一直处于国内梯队,绿色包装方面的黑 科技 近年也多有突破。2019年初,京东物流启用全链路智能包装系统——“精卫”,主要包括磁悬浮打包机、气泡膜打包机、枕式打包机、对折膜打包机等18种智能设备,实现了针对气泡膜、对折膜、纸箱等各种包装材料的统筹规划和合理使用,形成了软硬件一体化的智能打包系统的解决方案。据介绍,通过“精卫”进行的耗材准确率在96.5%以上,显著实现了包装材料的降本增效。
在物流过程中,货车所产生的碳排放一直是物流企业的碳排放来源。但受限于目前电池续航、充电桩不完善等问题,尚未能实现全域的新能源车普及。尽管如此,京东物流在能力范围内积极推广应用新能源车。
在仓储设施方面,京东物流大力推行光伏发电。早在2017年,京东物流就率先在上海“一号”智能物流园区布局屋顶分布式光伏发电系统,并在2018年正式并网发电。目前,光伏发电已覆盖其园区内包括仓内照明、自动分拣、自动打包、自动拣货等多场景作业的用电需求,同时率先进行分布式光伏电站与 汽车 行业资源整合, 探索 “ 汽车 +车棚+充电桩+光伏”项目试点,为光伏发电在物流领域的广泛推广应用打造了新样板。
“青岛、合肥、杭州、西安、天津、六地的京东物流‘一号’智能物流园区也陆续完成光伏发电并网,到2021年底光伏电站装机总量将达到200兆瓦,实现年发电量1.6亿度以上。”段艳健提供了这样一组数据:这相当于5万户家庭一年的用电量。经测算,“一号”光伏发电平均每分钟可减少碳排放40公斤,智能设备通过“黑灯作业”省电2283度,雨水收集系统灌溉120平米绿地。
“未来,京东物流将继续以‘青流’为依托,秉承绿色可持续发展理念,主动担起 。”段艳健承诺京东物流将携手更多伙伴一起,为早日实现碳达峰、碳中和目标贡献京东力量。 (本文刊载于《物流与采购》杂志2021年第17期封面)